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Deuteronomy 1

Moses Speaks to the People 40 Years after Leaving Egypt

1This is the speech Moses gave in the desert east of the Jordan River, on the plains, near Suph, between Paran and Tophel, and near Laban, Hazeroth, and Di Zahab. He spoke to all the Israelites. 2(It takes 11 days to go from Mount Horeb to Kadesh Barnea by way of Mount Seir.)

3On the first day of the eleventh month in the fortieth year ⌞after they had left Egypt⌟, Moses told the Israelites everything Yhwh had commanded him to tell them. 4This was after he had defeated King Sihon of the Amorites, who ruled in Heshbon, and King Og of Bashan, who ruled in Ashtaroth and  (One Hebrew manuscript, Greek, Syriac, Latin; Masoretic Text omits “and.”) in Edrei. 5The Israelites were east of the Jordan River in Moab when Moses began to review Elohim’s teachings.

Moses Reminds Israel of the Events at Mount Horeb

This is what he said:

6At Mount Horeb Yhwh our Elohim said to us, “You have stayed at this mountain long enough. 7Break camp, and get ready! Go to the mountain region of the Amorites, and go to everyone living on the plains, in the mountains, in the foothills, in the Negev, on the whole Mediterranean coast (the land of the Canaanites), and into Lebanon as far as the Euphrates River. 8I’m giving you this land. Enter, and take possession of the land Yhwh swore to give to your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and to you, their descendants.”

9At that time I said to you, “I’m not able to take care of you by myself. 10Yhwh your Elohim has made your population increase so that you are now as numerous as the stars in the sky. 11May Yhwh Elohim of your ancestors make you a thousand times more numerous, and may he bless you as he has promised. 12How can I take care of your problems, your troubles, and your disagreements all by myself? 13From each of your tribes, choose some men who are wise, intelligent, and experienced, and I’ll appoint them to be your leaders.”

14You agreed that this was a good idea.

15So I took the heads of your tribes who were wise and experienced men and made them officers for each of your tribes. I put them in charge of groups of 1,000, or 100, or 50, or 10 people. 16Also at that time I gave these instructions to your judges: “Hear the cases that your people bring. Judge each case fairly, no matter whether it is ⌞a dispute⌟ between two Israelites or ⌞a dispute⌟ between an Israelite and a non-Israelite. 17Be impartial in your decisions. Listen to the least important people the same way you listen to the most important people. Never be afraid of anyone, since your decisions come from Elohim. You may bring me any case that’s too hard for you, and I will hear it.” 18So I told you how to handle these situations.

Moses Reminds Israel of the Events at Kadesh Barnea

19So we left Mount Horeb, as Yhwh our Elohim had commanded. We traveled through all that vast and dangerous desert you saw on the way to the mountain region of the Amorites. At last we came to Kadesh Barnea. 20Then I said to you, “We have come to the mountain region of the Amorites, which Yhwh our Elohim is giving us. 21Yhwh your Elohim is giving you this land. Go ahead! Take possession of it, as Yhwh Elohim of your ancestors told you. Don’t be afraid or terrified.”

22All of you came to me and said, “Let’s send men ahead of us to gather information about the land for us. Have them report to us about the route we should take and the cities we’ll come to.”

23It seemed like a good idea to me. So I chose 12 of your men, one from each tribe. 24They left and went into the mountains. When they came to the Eshcol Valley, they explored it. 25They took some of the region’s fruit with them and brought it back to us. They reported, “The land that Yhwh our Elohim is giving us is good.”

26But you rebelled against the command of Yhwh your Elohim and refused to go. 27You complained in your tents and said, “Yhwh hates us! That’s why he brought us out of Egypt. He wanted to hand us over to the Amorites so that they could destroy us! 28Where are we going anyway? Our own men have discouraged us by saying, ‘The people there are taller and stronger than we are. The cities are big with sky-high walls! We even saw the people of Anak there.’ ”

29Then I said to you, “Don’t tremble. Don’t be afraid of them. 30Yhwh your Elohim, who is going ahead of you, will fight for you as you saw him fight for you in Egypt 31and in the desert.” There you saw how Yhwh your Elohim carried you, as parents carry their children. He carried you wherever you went until you came to this place.

32In spite of this, you didn’t trust Yhwh your Elohim, 33who went ahead of you to find places for you to camp. He appeared in a column of fire at night and in a column of smoke during the day to show you which route to take.

34When Yhwh heard what you said, he was angry and took this oath: 35“Not one of these evil people will ever see the good land that I swore to give to your ancestors, 36except Caleb, son of Jephunneh. He will see it, and I will give the land that he set his feet on to him and his descendants, because he wholeheartedly followed Yhwh.”

37Yhwh became angry with me because of you. He said, “You won’t go there either. 38But your assistant Joshua, son of Nun, will go there. Encourage him, because he will help Israel take possession of the land. 39Although you thought the little children would be captured in war, your children, who are still too young to know the difference between good and evil, will enter that land. I will give it to them, and they will take possession of it. 40Turn around, go back into the desert, and follow the road that goes to the Red Sea.”

41You responded, “We have sinned against Yhwh. We’ll go and fight, as Yhwh our Elohim commanded us to do.” Each of you armed yourself for war, thinking you could easily invade the mountain region.

42But Yhwh said to me, “Tell them, ‘Don’t go and fight, because I won’t be with you. You will be defeated by your enemies.’ ”

43I told you, but you wouldn’t listen. You defied Yhwh’s command and invaded the mountain region. 44The Amorites who lived there came out and attacked you and chased you like a swarm of bees. They defeated you, chasing you from Seir all the way to Hormah. 45When you came back, you cried to Yhwh, but Yhwh didn’t listen to you or hear you. 46That’s why you stayed in Kadesh as long as you did.

Deuteronomy 2

Moses Reminds Israel of the Events at Mount Seir

1We went back into the desert, following the road that goes to the Red Sea as Yhwh had told me. For a long time we traveled around the region of Mount Seir.

2Yhwh said to me, 3“You’ve traveled around this region long enough. Now go north. 4Give the people these instructions: ‘You’re going to pass through the territory of your relatives, the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir. They’ll be afraid of you, but be very careful. 5Don’t start a fight with them, because I’m not giving you any of their land—not even enough to stand on. I’ve given Esau’s descendants the region of Mount Seir as their property. 6You must pay them in silver for the food you eat and the water you drink.’ ”

7Yhwh your Elohim has blessed you in everything you have done. He has watched over you as you traveled through this vast desert. For 40 years now Yhwh your Elohim has been with you, and you haven’t needed a thing.

8So we passed by our relatives, the descendants of Esau, who lived in Seir. We turned off the road that goes through the plains to Elath and Ezion Geber and took the road that goes through the desert of Moab.

9Yhwh said to me, “Don’t bother the people of Moab or start a war with them. I’m not giving you any of Ar as your property. I have given it to the descendants of Lot.”

10The Emites used to live there. These people were as strong, as numerous, and as tall as the people of Anak. 11They were thought to be Rephaim, like the people of Anak, but the Moabites called them Emites. 12The Horites used to live in Seir, but the descendants of Esau claimed their land, wiped them out, and took their place, as Israel did in the land that Yhwh gave them.

13Then Yhwh said, “Now cross the Zered River.”

So we crossed the Zered River. 14Thirty-eight years passed from the time we left Kadesh Barnea until we crossed the Zered River. During that time all our soldiers from that generation died, as Yhwh had sworn they would. 15In fact, it was Yhwh himself who got rid of all of them until none were left in the camp.

Moses Reminds Israel about Ammon

16When the last of these soldiers had died, 17Yhwh said to me, 18“Today you are going to pass by the border of Moab at Ar. 19When you come near the Ammonites, don’t bother them or start a fight with them. I’m not giving you any of the land that I have already given to the descendants of Lot as their property.”

20This land was thought of as the land of the Rephaim who used to live there, but the Ammonites called them Zamzummim. 21These people were as strong, as numerous, and as tall as the people of Anak. But Yhwh wiped them out before the Ammonites came so that the Ammonites claimed their land and took their place. 22Yhwh did the same thing for the descendants of Esau, who lived in Seir. Before the descendants of Esau came, he wiped out the Horites so that Esau’s descendants claimed their land and took their place. Esau’s descendants are still there today. 23The same thing happened to the Avvites who lived in villages as far away as Gaza. The Caphtorites, who came from Crete, wiped them out and took their place.

Moses Reminds Israel about King Og and King Sihon

24⌞Yhwh continued,⌟ “Now break camp. Cross the Arnon Valley. I’m going to hand King Sihon of Heshbon, the Amorite, over to you. Fight him, and take possession of his country. 25Today I will start to make all the people under heaven terrified of you. When they hear about you, they will tremble and shake because of you.”

26From the desert of Kedemoth, I sent messengers to King Sihon of Heshbon with the following offer of peace: 27“If you allow us to travel through your country, we’ll go straight through and won’t ever leave the road. 28We’ll pay you in silver for the food we eat and the water we drink. Please let us go through, 29as the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir, and the Moabites, who live in Ar, did for us. We’ll keep going until we cross the Jordan River into the land Yhwh our Elohim is giving us.”

30But King Sihon of Heshbon wouldn’t allow us to pass through. Yhwh your Elohim made him stubborn and overconfident in order to hand him over to you, as he has now done. 31Yhwh said to me, “I have begun to give you Sihon and his country. Go ahead! Take possession of his land.”

32Sihon and all his troops came out to meet us in battle at Jahaz. 33Yhwh our Elohim gave Sihon to us, and we defeated him, his sons, and all his troops. 34At that time we captured all his cities and claimed them for Elohim by destroying men, women, and children. There were no survivors. 35However, we did loot the cities that we captured, taking the cattle and goods. 36From Aroer on the edge of the Arnon Valley and the city in that valley as far as Gilead, no city had walls that could keep us out. Yhwh our Elohim gave us all of them. 37But Yhwh our Elohim had forbidden you to go anywhere near the land of the Ammonites. So you didn’t enter the land along the bank of the Jabbok River or capture the cities in the mountains.

Deuteronomy 3

Moses Reminds Israel of How They Defeated King Og of Bashan

1Next we turned and followed the road that goes to Bashan. King Og of Bashan and all his troops came to fight us at Edrei. 2Yhwh said to me, “Don’t be afraid of him. I’ll hand him, all his troops, and his land over to you. Do to him what you did to King Sihon of the Amorites, who ruled in Heshbon.”

3So Yhwh our Elohim also handed King Og of Bashan and all his troops over to us. We defeated him, leaving no survivors. 4At that time we captured all of his cities. There wasn’t a city we didn’t take. We captured a total of 60 cities—the whole territory of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan. 5All of these cities were fortified with high walls and double-door gates with bars across the gates. We also captured a large number of unwalled villages. 6We claimed them all for Elohim, destroying every city, including men, women, and children—as we did to King Sihon of Heshbon. 7However, we did loot the cities, taking all of the cattle and goods.

8We took the land of the two Amorite kings east of the Jordan River, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon. 9(The Sidonians call Mount Hermon by the name Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir.) 10We took all of the cities of the plateau, all of Gilead, and all of Bashan as far as Salcah and Edrei, cities of Og’s kingdom in Bashan. 11(Of the Rephaim only King Og of Bashan was left. His bed was made of iron and was more than 13 feet long and 6 feet wide. It is still in the Ammonite city of Rabbah.)

12At that time we took possession of this land. I gave the tribes of Reuben and Gad the land north of Aroer near the Arnon Valley and half of the mountain region of Gilead with its cities. 13I gave the rest of Gilead and all of Bashan ruled by Og to half of the tribe of Manasseh. (The whole territory of Argob in Bashan used to be called the land of the Rephaim. 14Jair, a descendant of Manasseh, took the whole territory of Argob as far as the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites. The settlements in Bashan he named Havvoth Jair after himself. This is still their name today.) 15I gave Gilead to Machir. 16I gave the tribes of Reuben and Gad some of Gilead from the Arnon Valley (the middle of the valley is the border) to the Jabbok River, which is the border of Ammon. 17Their land included the plains around the Jordan River. The western border was the river, from the Sea of Galilee to the Sea of the Plains (the Dead Sea), which is near Mount Pisgah on the east.

18I gave the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh this command: “Yhwh your Elohim has given you this land so that you can take possession of it. All your soldiers must be ready for battle when they cross ⌞the Jordan River⌟ ahead of the other Israelites. 19I know you have a lot of livestock. Your wives, children, and livestock must stay here in the cities that I gave you. 20Your soldiers will go with the other Israelites until they take possession of the land Yhwh your Elohim is giving them on the other side of the Jordan River. Then they will have a place to rest as you have. After that each of you may go back to the land I gave you.”

21I also gave Joshua this command: “You have seen with your own eyes everything that Yhwh your Elohim has done to these two kings. Yhwh will do the same to all of the kingdoms on the other side ⌞of the Jordan River⌟ where you’re going. 22Don’t be afraid of them, because Yhwh your Elohim himself will fight for you.”

Moses Reminds Israel Why He Will Not Enter Canaan

23Then I pleaded with Yhwh: 24“Adonai Yhwh, you have ⌞only⌟ begun to show me how great and powerful you are. What kind of El is there in heaven or on earth who can do the deeds and the mighty acts you have done? 25Please let me go over and see the beautiful land on the other side of the Jordan River—those beautiful mountains in Lebanon.”

26Yhwh was angry with me because of you, so he wouldn’t listen to me. He said, “That’s enough out of you! Don’t talk to me anymore about this. 27Go to the top of Mount Pisgah, and look west, north, south, and east. You may look at the land, but you will never cross the Jordan River. 28Give instructions to Joshua. Encourage and strengthen him, because he will lead these people across ⌞the Jordan River⌟, and he will help them take possession of the land you see.”

29So we stayed in the valley near Beth Peor.

Deuteronomy 4

Moses Reminds Israel to Be Loyal to Yhwh

1Israel, listen to the laws and rules I am about to teach you. Obey them so that you will live and be able to enter and take possession of the land that Yhwh Elohim of your ancestors is giving you. 2Never add anything to what I command you, or take anything away from it. Then you will be able to obey the commands of Yhwh your Elohim that I give you.

3With your own eyes you saw what Yhwh did at Baal Peor. Yhwh your Elohim destroyed everyone among you who worshiped Baal while you were at Peor. 4But you were loyal to Yhwh your Elohim and are still alive today.

5I have taught you laws and rules as Yhwh my Elohim commanded me. You must obey them when you’ve entered the land and taken possession of it. 6Faithfully obey these laws. This will show the people of the world your wisdom and insight. When they hear about all these laws, they will say, “What wise and insightful people there are in this great nation!”

7What great nation ever had their Elohim as near to them as Yhwh our Elohim is near to us whenever we pray to him? 8Or what other great nation has such fair laws and rules as all these teachings I am giving you today?

9However, be careful, and watch yourselves closely so that you don’t forget the things which you have seen with your own eyes. Don’t let them fade from your memory as long as you live. Teach them to your children and grandchildren. 10Never forget the day you stood in front of Yhwh your Elohim at Mount Horeb. Yhwh had said to me, “Assemble the people in front of me, and I will let them hear my words. Then they will learn to fear me as long as they live on earth, and they will teach their children the same thing.”

11So you came and stood at the foot of the mountain, which was on fire with flames shooting into the sky. It was dark, cloudy, and gloomy. 12Yhwh spoke to you from the fire. You heard a voice speaking but saw no one. There was only a voice. 13Yhwh told you about the terms of his promise, the ten commandments, which he commanded you to do. Then he wrote them on two stone tablets. 14Yhwh also commanded me to teach you the laws and rules you must obey after you cross ⌞the Jordan River⌟ and take possession of the land.

15You didn’t see Yhwh the day he spoke to you from the fire at Mount Horeb. So be very careful 16that you don’t become corrupt and make your own carved idols. Don’t make statues that represent men or women, 17any animal on earth, any creature with wings that flies, 18any creature that crawls on the ground, or any fish in the water. 19Don’t let yourselves be tempted to worship and serve what you see in the sky—the sun, the moon, the stars, or anything else. Yhwh your Elohim has given them to all people everywhere. 20But you are the people Yhwh brought out of Egypt, the iron smelter, in order to make you his own people as you still are today.

21Yhwh was angry with me because of you. So Yhwh your Elohim took an oath that I wouldn’t cross the Jordan River and enter the good land he is giving you as your property. 22I’m going to die in this land and not cross the Jordan River, but you’re going to go across and take possession of that good land. 23Be careful that you don’t forget the promise  (Or “covenant.”) that Yhwh your Elohim made to you. Don’t make your own carved idols or statues that represent anything Yhwh your Elohim has forbidden. 24Yhwh your Elohim is a raging fire, a Elohim who does not tolerate rivals.

25Even when you have children and grandchildren and have grown old in that land, don’t become corrupt and make carved idols or statues that represent anything. I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today:  (The first part of verse 26 (in Hebrew) has been placed in verse 25 to express the complex Hebrew sentence structure more clearly in English.) If you do this thing that Yhwh your Elohim considers evil, making him furious, 26you will quickly disappear from the land you’re going to possess on the other side of the Jordan River. You won’t live very long there. You’ll be completely wiped out. 27Yhwh will scatter you among the people of the world, and only a few of you will be left among the nations where Yhwh will force you to live. 28There you will worship wooden and stone Elohim made by human hands. These Elohim can’t see, hear, eat, or smell.

29But if you look for Yhwh your Elohim when you are among those nations, you will find him whenever you search for him with all your heart and with all your soul. 30When you’re in distress and all these things happen to you, then you will finally come back to Yhwh your Elohim and obey him. 31Yhwh your Elohim is a merciful Elohim. He will not abandon you, destroy you, or forget the promise to your ancestors that he swore he would keep.

32Search the distant past, long before your time. Start from the very day Elohim created people on earth. Search from one end of heaven to the other. Has anything as great as this ever happened before, or has anything like it ever been heard of? 33Have any ⌞other⌟ people ever heard Elohim speak from a fire and lived? You did! 34Or has any Elohim ever tried to come and take one nation away from another for himself? Yhwh your Elohim used his mighty hand and powerful arm to do this for you in Egypt. He did this using plagues, miraculous signs, amazing things, and war. He did his great and awe-inspiring deeds in front of you.

35You were shown these things so that you would know that Yhwh is Elohim. There is no other Elohim. 36He let you hear his voice from heaven so that he could instruct you. He showed you his great fire on earth, and you heard him speak from the column of fire. 37Because he loved your ancestors and chose their descendants, he was with you as he brought you out of Egypt by his great power. 38He forced nations greater and stronger than you out of your way to bring you into their land and give it to you. This land is your own possession today.

39Remember today, and never forget that Yhwh is Elohim in heaven above and here on earth. There is no other Elohim. 40Obey his laws and commands which I’m giving you today. Then things will go well for you and your descendants. You will live for a long time in the land. Yhwh your Elohim is giving you the land for as long as you live.

Three Cities of Refuge East of the Jordan River

41Then Moses set aside three cities on the east side of the Jordan River. 42Those who unintentionally killed someone whom they had never hated could flee to one of these cities and save their lives. 43The cities were Bezer on the desert plateau for the tribe of Reuben, Ramoth in Gilead for the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan for the tribe of Manasseh.

Introduction to Moses’ Teachings

44This is what Moses taught the people of Israel. 45These are the commandments, laws, and rules Moses gave the Israelites after they had left Egypt. 46He gave these to the people when they were east of the Jordan River in the valley near Beth Peor, in the land of King Sihon of the Amorites, who ruled in Heshbon. Moses and Israel defeated him after they left Egypt. 47They took possession of his land and the land of King Og of Bashan, the two kings of the Amorites who were east of the Jordan River. 48This land went from Aroer on the edge of the Arnon Valley to Mount Siyon (that is, Mount Hermon). 49It included all the plains on the east side of the Jordan River as far as the Dead Sea at the foot of the slopes of Mount Pisgah.

Deuteronomy 5

The Ten Commandments

(Exodus 20:1–21)

1Moses summoned all Israel and said to them: Israel, listen to the laws and rules I’m telling you today. Learn them and faithfully obey them.

2Yhwh our Elohim made a promise  (Or “covenant.”) to us at Mount Horeb. 3He didn’t make this promise to our ancestors, but to all of us who are alive here today. 4Yhwh spoke to you face to face from the fire on the mountain. 5I stood between Yhwh and you to tell you Yhwh’s word, because you were afraid of the fire and didn’t go up on the mountain. Yhwh said:

6“I am Yhwh your Elohim, who brought you out of slavery in Egypt.

7“Never have any other Elohim. 8Never make your own carved idols or statues that represent any creature in the sky, on the earth, or in the water. 9Never worship them or serve them, because I, Yhwh your Elohim, am a Elohim who does not tolerate rivals. I punish children for their parents’ sins to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me. 10But I show mercy to thousands of generations of those who love me and obey my commandments.

11“Never use the name of Yhwh your Elohim carelessly. Yhwh will make sure that anyone who uses his name carelessly will be punished.

12“Observe the day of rest as a holy day. This is what Yhwh your Elohim has commanded you. 13You have six days to do all your work. 14The seventh day is the day of rest—a holy day dedicated to Yhwh your Elohim. You, your sons, your daughters, your male and female slaves, your oxen, your donkeys—all of your animals—even the foreigners living in your city must never do any work ⌞on that day⌟. In this way your male and female slaves can rest as you do. 15Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and that Yhwh your Elohim used his mighty hand and powerful arm to bring you out of there. This is why Yhwh your Elohim has commanded you to observe the day of rest as a holy day.

16“Honor your father and your mother as Yhwh your Elohim has commanded you. Then you will live for a long time, and things will go well for you in the land Yhwh your Elohim is giving you.

17“Never murder.

18“Never commit adultery.

19“Never steal.

20“Never avoid the truth when you testify about your neighbor. (Deuteronomy 5:21–33 in English Bibles is Deuteronomy 5:17–30 in some Hebrew Bibles.)

21“Never desire to take your neighbor’s wife away from him.

“Never long for your neighbor’s household, his field, his male or female slave, his ox, his donkey, or anything else that belongs to him.”

22These are the commandments Yhwh spoke to your whole assembly on the mountain. He spoke in a loud voice from the fire, the cloud, and the gloomy darkness. Then he stopped speaking. He wrote the commandments on two stone tablets and gave them to me.

23But when you heard the voice coming from the darkness and saw the mountain blazing with fire, all the leaders and heads of your tribes came to me. 24You said, “Yhwh our Elohim has let us see how great and glorious he is. We’ve heard his voice come from the fire. Today we’ve seen that people can live even if Elohim speaks to them. 25Why should we die? This great fire will consume us! If we continue to hear the voice of Yhwh our Elohim, we’ll die! 26Who has ever heard the voice of the living Elohim speak from a fire, as we did, and lived? 27⌞Moses,⌟ go and listen to everything that Yhwh our Elohim says. Then tell us whatever Yhwh our Elohim tells you. We’ll listen and obey.”

28When Yhwh heard the words that you spoke to me, he said, “I have heard what these people said to you. Everything they said was good. 29If only they would fear me and obey all my commandments as long as they live! Then things would go well for them and their children forever.

30“Tell the people to go back to their tents. 31But you stay here with me. I will give you all the commands, laws, and rules that you must teach them to obey in the land which I’m giving them to possess.”

32So be careful to do what Yhwh your Elohim has commanded you. Never stop living this way. 33Follow all the directions Yhwh your Elohim has given you. Then you will continue to live, life will go well for you, and you will live for a long time in the land that you are going to possess.

Deuteronomy 6

Love Yhwh

1These are the commands, laws, and rules Yhwh your Elohim commanded me to teach you. Obey them after you enter the land and take possession of it. 2As long as you live, you, your children, and your grandchildren must fear Yhwh your Elohim. All of you must obey all his laws and commands that I’m giving you, and you will live a long time. 3Listen, Israel, and be careful to obey these laws. Then things will go well for you and your population will increase in a land flowing with milk and honey, as Yhwh Elohim of your ancestors promised you.

4Listen, Israel: Yhwh is our Elohim. Yhwh is the only Elohim. 5Love Yhwh your Elohim with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength. 6Take to heart these words that I give you today. 7Repeat them to your children. Talk about them when you’re at home or away, when you lie down or get up. 8⌞Write them down, and⌟ tie them around your wrist, and wear them as headbands as a reminder. 9Write them on the doorframes of your houses and on your gates.

10Yhwh your Elohim will bring you into the land and give it to you, as he swore to your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This land will have large, prosperous cities that you didn’t build. 11Your houses will be filled with all kinds of things that you didn’t put there. You will have cisterns that you didn’t dig and vineyards and olive trees that you didn’t plant. After you have eaten all that you want, 12be careful that you don’t forget Yhwh, who brought you out of slavery in Egypt. 13You must fear Yhwh your Elohim, serve him, and take your oaths only in his name. 14Never worship any of the Elohim worshiped by the people around you. 15If you do, Yhwh your Elohim will become very angry with you and will wipe you off the face of the earth, because Yhwh your Elohim, who is with you, is a Elohim who does not tolerate rivals.

16Never test Yhwh your Elohim as you did at Massah. 17Be sure to obey the commands of Yhwh your Elohim and the regulations and laws he has given you. 18Do what Yhwh considers right and good. Then things will go well for you, and you will enter and take possession of that good land which Yhwh promised to your ancestors with an oath. 19You will see Yhwh expel your enemies as he said he would.

20In the future your children will ask you, “What do these regulations, laws, and rules which Yhwh our Elohim commanded you mean to you?” 21Tell them, “We were Pharaoh’s slaves in Egypt, but Yhwh used his mighty hand to bring us out of there. 22Right before our eyes Yhwh did miraculous signs and amazing things that were spectacular but terrible for Egypt, Pharaoh, and his whole family. 23Yhwh led us out of there to bring us here and give us this land he promised to our ancestors with an oath. 24Yhwh our Elohim commanded us to obey all these laws and to fear him. These laws are for our own good as long as we live so that he will preserve our lives. It’s still true today. 25This is how we’ll have Yhwh’s approval: If we faithfully obey all these laws in the presence of Yhwh our Elohim, as he has commanded us.”

Deuteronomy 7

Israel Is Commanded to Destroy the Canaanites and Their Idols

1Yhwh your Elohim will bring you to the land you’re about to enter and take possession of. He will force many nations out of your way: the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—seven nations larger and more powerful than you. 2When Yhwh your Elohim gives them to you and you defeat them, destroy every one of them because they have been claimed by Yhwh. Don’t make any treaties with them or show them any mercy. 3Never marry any of them. Never let your daughters marry their sons or your sons marry their daughters. 4These people will turn your children away from me to worship other Elohim. Then Yhwh will get very angry with you and will quickly destroy you.

5But this is what you must do to these people: Tear down their altars, smash their sacred stones, cut down their poles dedicated to Asherah, and burn their idols. 6You are a holy people, who belong to Yhwh your Elohim. He chose you to be his own special possession out of all the nations on earth.

7Yhwh set his heart on you and chose you, even though you didn’t outnumber all the other people. You were the smallest of all nations. 8You were chosen because Yhwh loved you and kept the oath he swore to your ancestors. So he used his mighty hand to bring you out. He freed you from slavery under Pharaoh (the king of Egypt). 9Keep in mind that Yhwh your Elohim is ⌞the only⌟ Elohim. He is a faithful Elohim, who keeps his promise  (Or “covenant.”) and is merciful to thousands of generations of those who love him and obey his commands. 10But he sends destruction to pay back everyone who hates him. He never takes long to pay back anyone who hates him.

11So obey the commands, laws, and rules I’m giving you today.

12If you listen to these rules and faithfully obey them, Yhwh your Elohim will keep his promise to you and be merciful to you, as he swore to your ancestors. 13He will love you, bless you, and increase the number of your descendants. He will bless you with children. He will bless your land with produce: grain, new wine, and olive oil. He will bless your herds with calves, and your flocks with lambs and kids. This will all happen in the land Yhwh will give you, as he swore to your ancestors. 14You will be blessed more than any other people. Your men and women will be able to have children, and your animals will be able to have offspring. 15Yhwh will keep you from having any kind of illness. He will not strike you with any of the terrible diseases you experienced in Egypt. Instead, he will strike all those who hate you. 16You must destroy all the people Yhwh your Elohim hands over to you. Have no pity on them, and never worship their Elohim, because they will be a trap for you.

17You may say to yourselves, “These nations outnumber us. How can we force them out?” 18Don’t be afraid of them. Remember what Yhwh your Elohim did to Pharaoh and all of Egypt. 19You saw with your own eyes the terrible plagues, the miraculous signs, and the amazing things Yhwh did. He used his mighty hand and powerful arm to bring you out. He will do the same thing to all the people you’re afraid of. 20Yhwh your Elohim will spread panic among them until they all die. There will be no one left—not even those who were hiding from you. 21Don’t be afraid of them, because Yhwh your Elohim is with you. He is a great and awe-inspiring Elohim. 22Little by little he will force these nations out of your way. You won’t be able to wipe them out quickly. Otherwise, you would be overrun with wild animals. 23Yhwh your Elohim will hand these people over to you and will throw them into a great panic until they’re destroyed. 24He will hand their kings over to you, and no one on earth will even remember their names. No one will be able to stop you. You will destroy them all. 25Burn their idols. Don’t ever long for the silver and gold on these idols or take any of it for yourselves. It might be a trap for you. Besides, these idols are disgusting to Yhwh your Elohim. 26Never bring a disgusting idol into your house. If you do, you and the idol will be destroyed. Consider it detestable and disgusting. It must be destroyed.”

Deuteronomy 8

Israel Told Never to Forget Elohim

1Be careful to obey every command I give you today. Then you will live, and your population will increase. You will enter and take possession of the land that Yhwh promised to your ancestors with an oath.

2Remember that for 40 years Yhwh your Elohim led you on your journey in the desert. He did this in order to humble you and test you. He wanted to know whether or not you would wholeheartedly obey his commands. 3So he made you suffer from hunger and then fed you with manna, which neither you nor your ancestors had seen before. He did this to teach you that a person cannot live on bread alone but on every word that Yhwh speaks. 4Your clothes didn’t wear out, and your feet didn’t swell these past 40 years. 5Learn this lesson by heart: Yhwh your Elohim was disciplining you as parents discipline their children. 6Obey the commands of Yhwh your Elohim. Follow his directions, and fear him.

7Yhwh your Elohim is bringing you into a good land. It is a land with rivers that don’t dry up. There are springs and underground streams flowing through the valleys and hills. 8The land has wheat and barley, grapevines, fig trees, and pomegranates. The land has honey and olive trees for olive oil. 9The land will have enough food for you, and you will have everything you need. The land has rocks with iron ore, and you will be able to mine copper ore in the hills. 10When you have eaten all you want, thank Yhwh your Elohim for the good land he has given you.

11Be careful that you don’t forget Yhwh your Elohim. Don’t fail to obey his commands, rules, and laws that I’m giving you today. 12You will eat all you want. You will build nice houses and live in them. 13Your herds and flocks, silver and gold, and everything else you have will increase. 14When this happens, be careful that you don’t become arrogant and forget Yhwh your Elohim, who brought you out of slavery in Egypt. 15He was the one who led you through that vast and dangerous desert—a thirsty and arid land, with poisonous snakes and scorpions. He was the one who made water come out of solid rock for you. 16He was the one who fed you in the desert with manna, which your ancestors had never seen. He did this in order to humble you and test you. But he also did this so that things would go well for you in the end. 17You may say to yourselves, “I became wealthy because of my own ability and strength.” 18But remember Yhwh your Elohim is the one who makes you wealthy. He’s confirming the promise  (Or “covenant.”) which he swore to your ancestors. It’s still in effect today.

19I warn you today that if you forget Yhwh your Elohim and follow other Elohim, and if you serve them and bow down to them, you will certainly be destroyed. 20Yhwh is going to destroy other nations as you enter the land. You will be destroyed like them if you don’t obey Yhwh your Elohim.

Deuteronomy 9

Israel Has Been Given Canaan because of Elohim’s Mercy

1Listen, Israel, you’re about to cross the Jordan River. You’ll be forcing out nations that are larger and stronger than you, with big cities that have sky-high walls. 2Their people are tall and strong. They’re descendants of Anak. You know all about them. You’ve also heard it said, “Who can oppose the descendants of Anak?” 3Realize today that Yhwh your Elohim is the one who is going ahead of you like a raging fire. He will wipe them out and will use you to crush their power. You will take possession of their land and will quickly destroy them as Yhwh promised you.

4When Yhwh your Elohim expels these people in front of you, don’t say to yourselves, “Because we’ve been living right, Yhwh brought us here to take possession of this land.” No, it’s because these nations are so wicked that Yhwh is forcing them out of your way. 5It’s not because you’ve been living right or because you’re so honest that you’re entering to take possession of their land. It’s because these people are so wicked that Yhwh your Elohim is forcing them out of your way. It’s also because Yhwh wants to confirm the promise he swore to your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 6So understand this: It’s not because you’ve been living right that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you this good land to possess. You are impossible to deal with!

7Never forget how you made Yhwh your Elohim angry in the desert. You’ve rebelled against Yhwh from the day you left Egypt until you came here. 8Even at Mount Horeb you made Yhwh so angry that he wanted to destroy you. 9When I went up on the mountain to get the stone tablets, the tablets of the promise that Yhwh made to you, I stayed on the mountain 40 days and 40 nights without food or water. 10Then Yhwh gave me the two stone tablets inscribed by Elohim himself. On them were written all the words that Yhwh spoke to you from the fire on the mountain on the day of the assembly.

11At the end of the 40 days and 40 nights, Yhwh gave me the two stone tablets with his promise on them. 12He told me, “Leave right away. Your people whom you brought out of Egypt have ruined ⌞everything⌟. They’ve quickly turned from the way I commanded them to live. They’ve made an idol for themselves.”

13Yhwh also said to me, “I’ve seen these people, and they are impossible to deal with. 14Leave me alone! I’ll destroy them and wipe their name off the earth. Then I’ll make you into a nation larger and stronger than they are.”

15So I turned and went down the mountain while it was still burning with fire. I was carrying the two tablets with the promise on them. 16Then I saw that you had sinned against Yhwh your Elohim. You had made a statue of a calf for yourselves. You had quickly turned from the way Yhwh commanded you to live. 17I took the two tablets, threw them down, and smashed them in front of you.

18Once again I threw myself down in front of Yhwh. I went without food and water for 40 days and 40 nights because of the sin you committed. You did what Yhwh considered evil and made him furious. 19I was terrified of Yhwh’s anger and fury. He was so angry he wanted to destroy you. But once more Yhwh listened to me.

20Yhwh also became very angry with Aaron and wanted to destroy him. But at that time I prayed for Aaron, too.

21I took that sinful calf you made and burned it. I crushed it, grinding it thoroughly until it was as fine as powder. Then I threw the powder into the river that flowed down the mountain.

22You also made Yhwh angry at Taberah, Massah, and Kibroth Hattaavah.

23When Yhwh sent you from Kadesh Barnea, he said, “Go and take possession of the land I’m giving you.” But you rebelled against the Yhwh your Elohim’s word. You didn’t believe him or obey him. 24You’ve rebelled against Yhwh as long as I’ve known you.

25I threw myself down in front of Yhwh for 40 days and 40 nights because Yhwh said he would destroy you. 26I prayed to Yhwh and said, “Adonai Yhwh, don’t destroy your people. They belong to you. You saved them by your great power and used your mighty hand to bring them out of Egypt. 27Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Disregard the stubbornness, wickedness, and sin of these people. 28Otherwise, the country we left will say, “Yhwh wasn’t able to bring them to the land he promised them. He hated them. That’s why he brought them out—to let them die in the desert.” 29They are your people. They belong to you. You used your great strength and powerful arm to bring them out ⌞of Egypt⌟.

Deuteronomy 10

1At that time Yhwh said to me, “Cut two ⌞more⌟ stone tablets like the first ones, and come up to me on the mountain. Also make an ark out of wood. 2I will write on the tablets the same words that were on the first tablets, which you smashed. Then you will put them in the ark.”

3I made an ark out of acacia wood. I cut two ⌞more⌟ stone tablets like the first ones. I carried the two tablets up the mountain. 4Yhwh wrote on these tablets the same words as before, the ten commandments. He had spoken these words to you from the fire on the mountain on the day of the assembly. Then Yhwh gave them to me. 5I came back down the mountain and put the tablets in the ark I had made. They are still there, where Yhwh commanded me to put them.

6The Israelites moved from the wells of the Jaakanites to Moserah. Aaron died there and was buried, and his son Eleazar succeeded him as priest. 7They moved from there to Gudgodah, and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, a land with rivers that don’t dry up. 8At that time Yhwh set apart the tribe of Levi to carry the ark of Yhwh’s promise, to stand in Yhwh’s presence when they serve him as priests, and to praise his name, as they still do today. 9This is why the tribe of Levi has no land of their own as the other tribes have. Yhwh your Elohim is their only possession, as he promised them.

10I stayed on the mountain 40 days and 40 nights as I did the first time. Once again Yhwh listened to me and agreed not to destroy you. 11Yhwh said to me, “Lead the people on their journey. They will enter and take possession of the land I will give them, as I swore to their ancestors.”

Israel Encouraged to Follow Elohim’s Guidance

12Israel, what does Yhwh your Elohim want you to do? He wants you to fear him, follow all his directions, love him, and worship him with all your heart and with all your soul. 13Yhwh wants you to obey his commands and laws that I’m giving you today for your own good. 14Remember that the sky, the highest heaven, the earth and everything it contains belong to Yhwh your Elohim. 15Yhwh set his heart on your ancestors and loved them. Because of this, today he chooses you, their descendants, out of all the people of the world.

16So circumcise your uncircumcised hearts, and don’t be impossible to deal with any longer. 17Yhwh your Elohim is Elohim of Elohim and Adonai of adonim, the great, powerful, and awe-inspiring Elohim. He never plays favorites and never takes a bribe. 18He makes sure orphans and widows receive justice. He loves foreigners and gives them food and clothes. 19So you should love foreigners, because you were foreigners living in Egypt. 20Fear Yhwh your Elohim, worship him, be loyal to him, and take your oaths in his name. 21He is your glory. He is your Elohim, who did for you these spectacular and awe-inspiring deeds you saw with your own eyes. 22When your ancestors went to Egypt, there were 70 of them. Now Yhwh your Elohim has made you as numerous as the stars in the sky.

Deuteronomy 11

1Love Yhwh your Elohim, and do what he wants you to do. Always obey his laws, rules, and commands. 2Remember today the discipline you learned from Yhwh your Elohim. (⌞I’m not talking⌟ to your children. They didn’t see or experience any of this.) You saw and experienced his great power—his mighty hand and powerful arm. 3You saw the miraculous signs and deeds he did in Egypt to Pharaoh (the king of Egypt) and to his whole country. 4You saw what he did to the Egyptian army, its horses and chariots. He drowned them in the Red Sea when they pursued you. So Yhwh destroyed them forever. 5You saw what he did for you in the desert until you came here. 6You also saw what he did to Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, from the tribe of Reuben. In the middle of all the Israelites the ground opened up and swallowed them, their families, their tents, and every living creature with them. 7You saw with your own eyes all these spectacular things that Yhwh did.

8Obey all the commands I’m giving you today. Then you will have the strength to enter and take possession of the land once you’ve crossed ⌞the Jordan River⌟. 9Then you will also live for a long time in the land Yhwh swore to give your ancestors and their descendants—a land flowing with milk and honey.

10The land you’re about to enter and take possession of isn’t like the land you left in Egypt. There you used to plant your seed, and you had to water it like a vegetable garden. 11The land you’re about to enter is a land with hills and valleys, watered by rain from the sky. 12It is a land Yhwh your Elohim cares about. He watches over it all year long.

13If you faithfully obey the commands that I’m giving you today, love Yhwh your Elohim, and serve him with all your heart and with all your soul, 14I will send rain on your land at the right time, both in the fall and in the spring. Then you will gather your own grain, new wine, and olive oil. 15I will provide grass in the fields for your animals, and you will be able to eat all you want.

16Be careful, or you’ll be tempted to turn away and worship other Elohim and bow down to them. 17Yhwh will become angry with you. He’ll shut the sky so that there’ll be no rain. Then the ground won’t grow any crops, and you’ll quickly disappear from this good land Yhwh is giving you.

18Take these words of mine to heart and keep them in mind. ⌞Write them down,⌟ tie them around your wrist, and wear them as headbands as a reminder. 19Teach them to your children, and talk about them when you’re at home or away, when you lie down or get up. 20Write them on the doorframes of your houses and on your gates. 21Then you and your children will live for a long time in this land that Yhwh swore to give to your ancestors—as long as there’s a sky above the earth.

22Faithfully obey all these commands I’m giving you. Love Yhwh your Elohim, follow all his directions, and be loyal to him. 23Then Yhwh will force all these people out of your way. Then you will take possession of ⌞the land belonging to⌟ people taller and stronger than you. 24I will give you every place on which you set foot. Your borders will be from the desert to Lebanon, from the Euphrates River to the Mediterranean Sea. 25No one will be able to stop you. As Yhwh your Elohim promised, he will make people terrified of you wherever you go in this land.

Choose the Blessing or the Curse

26Today I’m giving you the choice of a blessing or a curse. 27You’ll be blessed if you obey the commands of Yhwh your Elohim that I’m giving you today. 28You’ll be cursed if you disobey the commands of Yhwh your Elohim, if you turn from the way I’m commanding you to live today, and if you worship other Elohim you never knew. 29When Yhwh your Elohim brings you into the land you’re about to enter, recite the blessing from Mount Gerizim and the curse from Mount Ebal. 30(These mountains are on the west side of the Jordan, beyond the road that goes west, in the region of the Canaanites who live on the plains facing Gilgal, next to the oak trees of Moreh.) 31You’re about to cross the Jordan River to enter and take possession of the land Yhwh your Elohim is giving you. When you take possession of it and live there, 32be careful to obey all the laws and rules I’m giving you today.

Deuteronomy 12

The Proper Place to Worship

1Here are the laws and rules you must faithfully obey in the land that Yhwh Elohim of your ancestors is giving you as your own. You must obey them as long as you live in the land.

2Completely destroy all the worship sites on the high mountains, on the hills, and under every large tree. The people you’re forcing out worship their Elohim in these places. 3Tear down their altars, crush their sacred stones, burn their poles dedicated to Asherah, cut down their idols, and wipe out the names of their Elohim from those places.

4Never worship Yhwh your Elohim in the way they worship their Elohim. 5Yhwh your Elohim will choose a place out of all your tribes to live and put his name. Go there and worship him. 6Bring him your burnt offerings, your sacrifices, one-tenth of your income, your contributions, the offerings you vow to bring, your freewill offerings, and the firstborn of your cattle, sheep, and goats. 7There, in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim, you and your families will eat and enjoy everything you’ve worked for, because Yhwh your Elohim has blessed you.

8Never worship in the way that it’s being done here today, where everyone does whatever he considers right. 9Up until now you haven’t come to your place of rest, the property Yhwh your Elohim is giving you. 10But you will cross the Jordan River and settle in the land Yhwh your Elohim is giving you as your own property. He will give you peace from all your enemies around you so that you will live securely. 11Then Yhwh your Elohim will choose a place where his name will live. You must bring everything I command you to that place. Bring your burnt offerings, your sacrifices, one-tenth of your income, your contributions, and all the best offerings you vow to bring to Yhwh. 12Enjoy yourselves in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim along with your sons, daughters, male and female slaves, and the Levites. (The Levites live in your cities because they have no land of their own as you have.) 13Be careful that you don’t sacrifice your burnt offerings wherever you want. 14Instead, sacrifice them ⌞only⌟ at the place that Yhwh will choose in one of your tribes. There you must do everything I command you.

15In whatever city you live, you may slaughter and eat as much meat as you want from what Yhwh your Elohim has blessed you with. Clean and unclean  (“Clean” refers to anything that is presentable to Elohim. “Unclean” refers to anything that is not presentable to Elohim.) people may eat it as if they were eating a gazelle or a deer. 16But never eat the blood. Pour it on the ground like water. 17You may not eat ⌞Yhwh’s offerings⌟ in your cities. Those offerings are: one-tenth of your grain, new wine, and olive oil; the firstborn of your cattle, sheep, or goats; the offerings you vow to bring; your freewill offerings; and your contributions. 18Instead, you, your sons and daughters, male and female slaves, and the Levites who live in your cities must eat these in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim at the place he will choose. There in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim enjoy everything you’ve worked for. 19Don’t forget to take care of the Levites as long as you live in your land.

20Yhwh your Elohim will expand your ⌞country’s⌟ borders as he promised. You will say, “I’m hungry for meat.” Then eat as much meat as you want. 21If the place Yhwh your Elohim chooses to put his name is too far away from you, you may slaughter an animal from the herds or flocks that Yhwh has given you. Eat as much as you want in your city. I have commanded you to do this. 22Eat it as you would eat a gazelle or a deer: Clean and unclean people may eat it together. 23However, be sure you never eat blood, because blood contains life. Never eat the life with the meat. 24Never eat blood. Pour it on the ground like water. 25If you don’t eat blood, things will go well for you and your descendants. You will be doing what Yhwh considers right.

26Take the holy things and the offerings you have vowed to bring, and go to the place Yhwh will choose. 27Sacrifice the meat and the blood of your burnt offerings on the altar of Yhwh your Elohim. The blood of your sacrifices is to be poured out beside the altar of Yhwh your Elohim, but you may eat the meat. 28Be sure you obey all these instructions I’m giving you. Then things will always go well for you and your descendants because you will be doing what Yhwh your Elohim considers good and right.

29Yhwh your Elohim will destroy the nations where you’re going and force them out of your way. You will take possession of their land and live there. 30After they’ve been destroyed, be careful you aren’t tempted to follow their customs. Don’t even ask about their Elohim and say, “How did these people worship their Elohim? We want to do what they did.” 31Never worship Yhwh your Elohim in the way they worship their Elohim, because everything they do for their Elohim is disgusting to Yhwh. He hates it! They even burn their sons and daughters as sacrifices to their Elohim. (Deuteronomy 12:32 in English Bibles is Deuteronomy 13:1 in the Hebrew Bible.)

32Be sure to do everything I command you. Never add anything to it or take anything away from it.

Deuteronomy 13

How Israel Is to Deal with False Prophets

1 (Deuteronomy 13:1–18 in English Bibles is Deuteronomy 13:2–19 in the Hebrew Bible.)One of your people, claiming to be a prophet or to have prophetic dreams, may predict a miraculous sign or an amazing thing. 2What he predicts may even take place. But don’t listen to that prophet or dreamer  (The first part of verse 3 (in Hebrew) has been placed in verse 2 to express the complex Hebrew paragraph structure more clearly in English.) if he says, “Let’s worship and serve other Elohim.” (Those Elohim may be Elohim you’ve never heard of.) 3Yhwh your Elohim is testing you to find out if you really love him with all your heart and with all your soul. 4Worship Yhwh your Elohim, fear him, obey his commands, listen to what he says, serve him, and be loyal to him. 5That prophet or dreamer must be put to death because he preached rebellion against Yhwh your Elohim, who brought you out of Egypt and freed you from slavery. He was trying to lead you away from following the directions Yhwh your Elohim gave you. You must get rid of this evil.

6Your own brother, son, or daughter, the wife you love, or your best friend may secretly tempt you, saying, “Let’s go worship other Elohim.” (Those Elohim may be Elohim that you and your ancestors never knew. 7They may be the Elohim of the people around you, who live near or far, from one end of the land to the other.) 8Don’t be influenced by any of these people or listen to them. Have no pity on them. Don’t feel sorry for them or protect them. 9You must put them to death. You must start the execution. Then all the other people will join you in putting them to death. 10Stone them to death because they were trying to lead you away from Yhwh your Elohim, who brought you out of slavery in Egypt. 11All Israel will hear about it and be afraid. Then no one among you will ever do such a wicked thing again.

12You may hear that the residents in one of the cities which Yhwh your Elohim is giving you to live in 13have been led away from Yhwh your Elohim by worthless people. You may hear that these people have been saying, “Let’s worship other Elohim.” (Those Elohim may be Elohim you’ve never heard of.) 14Then make a thorough investigation. If it is true, and you can prove that this disgusting thing has been done among you, 15you must kill the residents of that city with swords and destroy that city and everyone in it, including the animals, because they are claimed by Elohim. 16Gather their goods into the middle of the city square. Then burn their city and all their goods as a burnt offering to Yhwh your Elohim. It must remain a mound of ruins and never be rebuilt. 17Don’t ever take any of the things claimed for destruction. Then Yhwh will stop being angry and will show you mercy. In his mercy he will make your population increase, as he swore to your ancestors. 18Yhwh your Elohim will do this if you listen to him, obey all the commands that I’m giving you today, and do what he considers right.

Deuteronomy 14

Religious Practices

(Leviticus 11:1–23)

1You are the children of Yhwh your Elohim. So when someone dies, don’t ⌞mourn⌟ by cutting yourselves or shaving bald spots on your head. 2You are people who are holy to Yhwh your Elohim. Out of all the people who live on earth, Yhwh has chosen you to be his own special possession.

3Never eat anything that is disgusting to Yhwh. 4Here are the ⌞kinds of⌟ animals you may eat: oxen, sheep, goats, 5deer, gazelles, fallow deer, (A specific species of deer.) wild goats, mountain goats, antelope, and mountain sheep. 6You may eat all animals that have completely divided hoofs and that also chew their cud. 7But some animals chew their cud, while others have completely divided hoofs. You may not eat these ⌞kinds of⌟ animals. They include camels, rabbits, and rock badgers. (Although they chew their cud, they don’t have divided hoofs. They are unclean  (“Unclean” refers to anything that is not presentable to Elohim.) for you.) 8Also, you may not eat pigs. (Although their hoofs are divided, they don’t chew their cud.) Never eat their meat or touch their dead bodies.

9Here’s what you may eat of every creature that lives in the water: You may eat any creature that has fins and scales. 10But never eat anything that doesn’t have fins and scales. It is unclean for you.

11You may eat any clean bird. 12But here are the birds that you should never eat: eagles, bearded vultures, black vultures, 13buzzards, all types of kites, 14all types of crows, 15ostriches, nighthawks, seagulls, all types of falcons, 16little owls, great owls, barn owls, 17pelicans, ospreys, cormorants, 18storks, all types of herons, hoopoes, and bats.

19Every swarming, winged insect is also unclean for you. They must never be eaten. 20However, you may eat any ⌞other kind of⌟ flying creature that is clean.

21Never eat any creature that dies naturally. You may give it to the foreigners who live in your cities, and they may eat it. You may also sell it to foreigners who are visiting. But you are people who are holy to Yhwh your Elohim.

Never cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.

Giving Elohim One-Tenth of Everything

22Every year be sure to save a tenth of the crops harvested from whatever you plant in your fields. 23Eat the tenth of your grain, new wine, and olive oil, and eat the firstborn of your cattle, sheep, and goats in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim in the place he will choose to put his name. Then you will learn to fear Yhwh your Elohim as long as you live.

24But the place Yhwh your Elohim will choose to put his name may be too far away. He may bless you with so much that you can’t carry a tenth of your income that far. 25If so, exchange the tenth part of your income for silver. Take the silver with you, and go to the place Yhwh your Elohim will choose. 26Use the silver to buy whatever you want: cattle, sheep, goats, wine, liquor—whatever you choose. Then you and your family will eat and enjoy yourselves there in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim. 27Never forget to take care of the Levites who live in your cities. They have no land of their own as you have.

28At the end of every third year bring a tenth of that year’s crop, and store it in your cities. 29Foreigners, orphans, and widows who live in your cities may come to eat all they want. The Levites may also come because they have no land of their own as you have. Then Yhwh your Elohim will bless you in whatever work you do.

Deuteronomy 15

The Seventh-Year Celebration

1At the end of every seven years, you must cancel debts. 2This is what you will do: If you’ve made a loan, don’t collect payment on the debt your neighbor still owes you. Don’t demand that your neighbor or relative pay you, because the ⌞time⌟ for suspending payments on debts has been proclaimed in Yhwh’s honor. 3You may demand that a foreigner pay, but don’t collect payment on the debt another Israelite still owes you. 4In any case, there shouldn’t be any poor people among you, because Yhwh your Elohim will certainly bless you in the land he is giving you as your own possession. 5He will bless you only if you listen carefully to Yhwh your Elohim and faithfully obey all these commands I’m giving you today. 6Yhwh your Elohim will bless you, as he promised. You will make loans to many nations, but you will not have to borrow from any of them. You will rule many nations, but no nation will ever rule you.

7This is what you must do whenever there are poor Israelites in one of your cities in the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you. 8Be generous to these poor people, and freely lend them as much as they need. Never be hard-hearted and tight-fisted with them. (This sentence has been moved from verse 7 to express the complex Hebrew sentence structure more clearly in English.)

9When the seventh year—the year when payments on debts are canceled—is near, you might be stingy toward poor Israelites and give them nothing. Be careful not to think these worthless thoughts. The poor will complain to Yhwh about you, and you will be condemned for your sin. 10Be sure to give to them without any hesitation. When you do this, Yhwh your Elohim will bless you in everything you work for and set out to do. 11There will always be poor people in the land. That’s why I command you to be generous to other Israelites who are poor and needy.

12Whenever Hebrew men or women are sold to you as slaves, they will be your slaves for six years. In the seventh year you must let them go free. 13But when you let them go, don’t send them away empty-handed. 14Generously give them provisions—sheep from your flocks, grain from your threshing floor, (A threshing floor is an outdoor area where grain is separated from its husks.) and wine from your winepress. Be as generous to them as Yhwh your Elohim has been to you. 15Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and Yhwh your Elohim freed you. That’s why I’m giving you this command today.

16But suppose a male slave says to you, “I don’t want to leave you,” because he loves you and your family and is happy with you. 17Then take an awl and pierce it through his ear lobe into a door, and he will be your slave for life. Do the same to a female slave ⌞if she doesn’t want to leave⌟.

18If you have to let your slave go free, it won’t be a hardship for you. It would have cost you twice as much to hire someone to do the same work for those six years. Besides, Yhwh your Elohim will bless you in everything you do.

Setting Aside Firstborn Males for Elohim

19You must dedicate every firstborn male from your herds and flocks to Yhwh your Elohim. Never use a firstborn ox for work, and never shear a firstborn sheep. 20Every year you and your family must eat these animals in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim in the place Yhwh will choose. 21But if an animal is lame or blind or has any other serious defect—never sacrifice it to Yhwh your Elohim. 22Eat it in your city. Clean and unclean  (“Clean” refers to anything that is presentable to Elohim. “Unclean” refers to anything that is not presentable to Elohim.) people may eat them together as if they were eating a gazelle or a deer. 23But never eat the blood. Pour it on the ground like water.

Deuteronomy 16

Three Major Festivals

1Honor Yhwh your Elohim by celebrating Passover in the month of Abib. In the month of Abib Yhwh your Elohim brought you out of Egypt at night. 2Slaughter an animal from your flock or herd as the Passover sacrifice to Yhwh your Elohim. Do this at the place where Yhwh will choose for his name to live. 3Never eat leavened bread with the meat from this sacrifice. Instead, for seven days you must eat unleavened bread at this festival. (It is the bread of misery because you left Egypt in a hurry.) Eat this bread so that, as long as you live, you will remember the day you left Egypt. 4There should be no yeast anywhere in your land for seven days. Never leave until morning any of the meat you slaughter on the evening of the first day.

5You’re not allowed to slaughter the animals for Passover in any of the cities Yhwh your Elohim is giving you. 6Instead, slaughter your animals for Passover in the place where Yhwh your Elohim will choose for his name to live. Do this in the evening as the sun goes down. This is the same time you did it when you left Egypt. 7Cook the meat, and eat it at the place Yhwh your Elohim will choose. In the morning you may go back to your tents. 8For six days eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day hold a religious assembly dedicated to Yhwh your Elohim. Don’t do any work that day.

9Count seven weeks from the time you start harvesting grain. 10Then celebrate the Festival of Weeks to Yhwh your Elohim. Bring a freewill offering in proportion to the blessings Yhwh your Elohim has given you. 11Enjoy yourselves in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim along with your sons, daughters, male and female slaves, the Levites who live in your cities, the foreigners, orphans, and widows who live among you. Enjoy yourselves at the place Yhwh your Elohim will choose for his name to live. 12Remember that you were slaves in Egypt, and obey these laws carefully.

13After you have gathered the grain from your threshing floor  (A threshing floor is an outdoor area where grain is separated from its husks.) and made your wine, celebrate the Festival of Booths for seven days. 14Enjoy yourselves at the festival along with your sons, daughters, male and female slaves, the Levites, foreigners, orphans, and widows who live in your cities. 15For seven days you will celebrate this festival dedicated to Yhwh your Elohim in the place he will choose. You will enjoy yourselves, because Yhwh your Elohim will bless all your harvest and all your work.

16Three times a year all your men must come into the presence of Yhwh your Elohim at the place he will choose: at the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Booths. But no one may come into the presence of Yhwh without an offering. 17Each man must bring a gift in proportion to the blessings Yhwh your Elohim has given him.

Administering Justice

18Appoint judges and officers for your tribes in every city that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you. They are to judge the people fairly. 19Never pervert justice. Instead, be impartial. Never take a bribe, because bribes blind wise people and deny justice to those who are in the right. 20Strive for nothing but justice so that you will live and take possession of the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you.

21When you build the altar for Yhwh your Elohim, never plant beside it any tree dedicated to Asherah. 22Never set up a sacred stone. These are things Yhwh your Elohim hates.

Deuteronomy 17

1Never offer an ox or a sheep that has a defect or anything seriously wrong with it as a sacrifice to Yhwh your Elohim. That would be disgusting to him.

2In one of the cities Yhwh your Elohim is giving you, there may be a man or woman among you who is doing what Yhwh considers evil. This person may be disregarding the conditions of Yhwh’s promise  (Or “covenant.”) 3by worshiping and bowing down to other Elohim, the sun, the moon, or the whole army of heaven. I have forbidden this. 4When you are told about it, investigate it thoroughly. If it’s true and it can be proven that this disgusting thing has been done in Israel, 5then bring the man or woman who did this evil thing to the gates of your city, and stone that person to death. 6The person can only be sentenced to death on the testimony of two or three witnesses, but no one should ever be sentenced to death on the testimony of only one witness. 7The witnesses must start the execution, then all the other people will join them in putting the person to death. You must get rid of this evil.

8There may be a case that is too hard for you to decide. It may involve murder, assault, or a dispute—any case which may be brought to court in your cities. Take this case to the place that Yhwh your Elohim will choose. 9Go to the Levitical priests and the judge who is serving at that time. Ask for their opinion, and they will give you their verdict 10at the place that Yhwh will choose. Do what they tell you. Follow all their instructions carefully, 11and do what they tell you to do in their verdict. Do exactly what they tell you to do in their decision. 12If anyone deliberately disobeys the priest (who serves Yhwh your Elohim) or the judge, that person must die. You must get rid of this evil in Israel. 13When all the people hear about it, they will be afraid and will never defy ⌞Elohim’s law⌟ again.

14You will enter the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you. You will take possession of it and live there. You will say, “Let’s have our own king like all the other nations around us.” 15Be sure to appoint the king Yhwh your Elohim will choose. He must be one of your own people. Never let a foreigner be king, because he’s not one of your own people.

16The king must never own a large number of horses or make the people return to Egypt to get more horses. Yhwh has told you, “You will never go back there again.” 17The king must never have a large number of wives, or he will turn away ⌞from Elohim⌟. And he must never own a lot of gold and silver.

18When he becomes king, he should have the Levitical priests make him a copy of these teachings on a scroll. 19He must keep it with him and read it his entire life. He will learn to fear Yhwh his Elohim and faithfully obey everything found in these teachings and laws. 20Then he won’t think he’s better than the rest of his people, and he won’t disobey these commands in any way. So he and his sons will rule for a long time in Israel.

Deuteronomy 18

Laws for the Levites

1The Levitical priests—in fact, the whole tribe of Levi—will receive no land or property of their own like the rest of the Israelites. They will eat what has been sacrificed to Yhwh. These sacrifices will be what they receive. (Or “They are to eat the sacrifices offered by fire to Yhwh or any of the other sacrifices to Yhwh .”) 2So the Levites will have no land of their own like the other Israelites. Yhwh will be their inheritance, as he promised them.

3This is what the people owe the priests whenever they sacrifice an ox, a sheep, or a goat: the shoulder, jaws, and stomach. 4Also, give them the first produce harvested: grain, new wine, olive oil, and the first wool you shear from your sheep. 5Out of all your tribes, Yhwh your Elohim has chosen the Levites and their descendants to do the work of serving in the name of Yhwh forever.

6A Levite from any of your cities in Israel may come from where he has been living to the place Yhwh will choose. He may come as often as he wants 7and may serve in the name of Yhwh his Elohim like all the other Levites who do their work in Yhwh’s presence. 8If he does, he’ll get the same amount of food as they do, in addition to what he gets from selling his family’s goods.

Laws about Prophets

9When you come to the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you, never learn the disgusting practices of those nations. 10You must never sacrifice your sons or daughters by burning them alive, practice black magic, be a fortuneteller, witch, or sorcerer, 11cast spells, ask ghosts or spirits for help, or consult the dead. 12Whoever does these things is disgusting to Yhwh. Yhwh your Elohim is forcing these nations out of your way because of their disgusting practices. 13You must have integrity ⌞in dealing⌟ with Yhwh your Elohim. 14These nations you are forcing out listen to fortunetellers and to those who practice black magic. But Yhwh your Elohim won’t let you do anything like that.

15Yhwh your Elohim will send you a prophet, an Israelite like me. You must listen to him. 16This is what you asked Yhwh your Elohim to give you on the day of the assembly at Mount Horeb. You said, “We never want to hear the voice of Yhwh our Elohim or see this raging fire again. If we do, we’ll die!”

17Yhwh told me, “What they’ve said is good. 18So I will send them a prophet, an Israelite like you. I will put my words in his mouth. He will tell them everything I command him. 19Whoever refuses to listen to the words that prophet speaks in my name will answer to me. 20But any prophet who dares to say something in my name that I didn’t command him to say or who speaks in the name of other Elohim must die.”

21You may be wondering, “How can we recognize that Yhwh didn’t speak this message?” 22If a prophet speaks in Yhwh’s name and what he says doesn’t happen or come true, then it didn’t come from Yhwh. That prophet has spoken on his own authority. Never be afraid of him.

Deuteronomy 19

Criminal Laws

1Yhwh your Elohim will destroy all the nations that are living in the land that he’s giving you. You will force them out and live in their cities and houses. 2When all this is done, set aside three cities in the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you. 3Provide a route to each of these cities and divide the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you into three regions. Whoever kills someone may run to one of these cities.

4A person who unintentionally kills someone he never hated in the past may run to one of these cities to save his life. 5Suppose two people go into the woods to cut wood. As one of them swings the ax to cut down a tree, the head flies off the handle, hits, and kills the other person. The one who accidentally killed the other person may run to one of these cities and save his life. 6Otherwise, in a rage the relative who has the authority to avenge the death will pursue him. If the place is too far away, the relative may catch up with him and take his life even though he didn’t deserve the death penalty, because in the past he never hated the person he killed. 7This is why I’m commanding you to set aside three cities for yourselves.

8Yhwh your Elohim may expand your country’s borders as he promised your ancestors with an oath. He may give you the whole land he promised to give them. 9He may do this because you faithfully obey all these commands I am now giving you—to love Yhwh your Elohim and follow his directions as long as you live. If this happens, you may add three more cities of refuge to these three. 10That way, innocent people won’t be killed in the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you, and you won’t be guilty of murder.

11Suppose someone hates another person, waits in ambush for him, attacks him, takes his life, and runs to one of these cities. 12If someone does this, the leaders of your city must send for that person. They must take him from that city and hand him over to the relative who has the authority to avenge the death. He must die. 13They must have no pity on him. The guilt of murdering an innocent person must be removed from Israel. Then things will go well for Israel.

14Never move your neighbor’s original boundary marker on any property in the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you.

15One witness is never enough to convict someone of a crime, offense, or sin he may have committed. Cases must be settled based on the testimony of two or three witnesses.

16This is what you must do whenever a witness takes the stand to accuse a person falsely of a crime. 17The two people involved must stand in Yhwh’s presence, in front of the priests and judges who are serving at that time. 18The judges must make a thorough investigation. If it is found that the witness lied when he testified against the other Israelite, 19then do to him what he planned to do to the other person. You must get rid of this evil. 20When the rest of the people hear about this, they will be afraid. Never again will such an evil thing be done among you. 21Have no pity on him: ⌞Take⌟ a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, and a foot for a foot.

Deuteronomy 20

Laws for Warfare

1When you go to war against your enemies, you may see horses, chariots, and armies larger than yours. Don’t be afraid of them, because Yhwh your Elohim, who brought you out of Egypt, will be with you. 2Before the battle starts, a priest must come and speak to the troops. 3He should tell them, “Listen, Israel, today you’re going into battle against your enemies. Don’t lose your courage! Don’t be afraid or alarmed or tremble because of them. 4Yhwh your Elohim is going with you. He will fight for you against your enemies and give you victory.”

5The officers should tell the troops, “If you have built a new house but not dedicated it, you may go home. Otherwise, you might die in battle, and someone else will dedicate it. 6If you have planted a vineyard and not enjoyed the grapes, you may go home. Otherwise, you might die in battle, and someone else will enjoy the grapes. 7If you are engaged to a woman but have not married her, you may go home. Otherwise, you might die in battle, and someone else will marry her.”

8The officers should also tell the troops, “If you are afraid or have lost your courage, you may go home. Then you won’t ruin the morale of the other Israelites.” 9When the officers finish speaking to the troops, they should appoint commanders to lead them.

10When you approach a city to attack it, offer its people a peaceful way to surrender. 11If they accept it and open ⌞their gates⌟ to you, then all the people there will be made to do forced labor and serve you. 12If they won’t accept your offer of peace but declare war on you, set up a blockade around the city. 13When Yhwh your Elohim hands the city over to you, kill every man in that city with your swords. 14But take the women and children, the cattle and everything else in the city, including all its goods, as your loot. You may enjoy your enemies’ goods that Yhwh your Elohim has given you. 15This is what you must do to all the cities that are far away which don’t belong to the nations nearby.

16However, you must not spare anyone’s life in the cities of these nations that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you as your property. 17You must claim the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites for Yhwh and completely destroy them, as Yhwh your Elohim has commanded you. 18Otherwise, they will teach you to do all the disgusting things they do for their Elohim, and you will sin against Yhwh your Elohim.

19This is what you must do whenever you blockade a city for a long time in order to capture it in war. Don’t harm any of its fruit trees with an ax. You can eat the fruit. Never cut those trees down, because the trees of the field are not people you have come to blockade. 20You may destroy trees that you know are not fruit trees. You may cut them down and use them in your blockade until you capture the city.

Deuteronomy 21

When a Murder Is Committed, but the Murderer Can’t Be Found

1This is what you must do if you find a murder victim lying in a field in the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you. If no one knows who committed the murder, 2your leaders and judges must go and measure the distance from the body to each of the neighboring cities. 3When it has been determined which city is nearest the body, the leaders from that city must choose a heifer that has never been put to work and never worn a yoke. (A yoke is a wooden bar placed over the necks of work animals so that they can pull plows or carts.) 4The leaders of that city will bring the heifer down to a river, to a location where the land hasn’t been plowed or planted. At the river they must break the heifer’s neck. 5The priests, the descendants of Levi, must come forward. Yhwh your Elohim has chosen them to serve him as priests and to bless people in Yhwh’s name. Their decision is final in all cases involving a disagreement or an assault. 6All the leaders from the city which was nearest the murder victim must wash their hands over the dead heifer. 7Then they must make this formal statement: “We didn’t commit this murder, and we didn’t witness it. 8Yhwh, make peace with your people Israel, whom you freed. Don’t let the guilt of this unsolved murder remain among your people Israel.” Then there will be peace with Yhwh despite the murder. 9This is how you will get rid of the guilt of an unsolved murder by doing what Yhwh considers right.

Laws about Marriage and Family

10When you go to war with your enemies and Yhwh your Elohim hands them over to you, you may take them captive. 11If you see a beautiful woman among the captives and have your heart set on her, you may marry her. 12Bring her into your home. She must shave her head, cut her nails, 13and no longer wear the clothes she was wearing when you captured her. Then she may live in your house and mourn ⌞the loss of⌟ her father and mother for one month. After that, you may sleep with her. Then you will become husband and wife.

14But if it happens that you are no longer pleased with her, let her go wherever she wants. You must never sell her or mistreat her as if she were a slave, since you’ve already had sex with her.

15A man might have two wives and love one but not the other. Both wives might have children, and the firstborn son might belong to the wife that the man doesn’t love. 16When the day comes for the father to give his sons their inheritance, he can’t treat the son of the wife he loves as if that son were the firstborn. This would show a total disregard for the real firstborn (the son of the wife he doesn’t love). 17Instead, he must recognize the son of the wife he doesn’t love as the firstborn. He must give that son a double portion of whatever he owns. That son is the very first son he had. The rights of the firstborn son are his.

18Parents might have a stubborn and rebellious son who doesn’t obey them. Even though they punish him, he still won’t listen to them. 19His father and mother must take him to the leaders of the city at the city gate. 20They will say to the leaders of the city, “This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious. He won’t obey us. He eats too much and is a drunk.” 21All the men of the city should stone him to death. You must get rid of this evil. When all Israel hears about it, they will be afraid.

Various Laws

22When a convicted person is put to death, 23never leave his dead body hung on a pole overnight. Be sure to bury him that same day, because anyone whose body is hung on a pole is cursed by Elohim. The land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you must never become unclean. (“Unclean” refers to anything that is not presentable to Elohim.)

Deuteronomy 22

1If you see another Israelite’s ox or sheep out where it doesn’t belong, don’t pretend that you don’t see it. Make sure you take it back. 2If the owner doesn’t live near you or you don’t know who owns it, take the animal home with you. Keep it until the owner comes looking for it. Then give it back. 3Do the same if you find a donkey, some clothes, or anything else that another Israelite may have lost. Don’t pretend that you don’t know what to do.

4If you see another Israelite’s donkey or ox lying on the road, don’t pretend that you don’t see it. Make sure you help him get it back on its feet.

5A woman must never wear anything men would wear, and a man must never wear women’s clothes. Whoever does this is disgusting to Yhwh your Elohim.

6Whenever you’re traveling and find a nest containing chicks or eggs, this is what you must do. If the mother bird is sitting on the nest, never take her with the chicks. 7You may take the chicks, but make sure you let the mother go. Then things will go well for you, and you will live for a long time.

8Whenever you build a new house, put a railing around the edge of the roof. Then you won’t be responsible for a death at your home if someone falls off the roof.

9Never plant anything between the rows in your vineyard. Otherwise, you will have to give everything that grows there to the holy place. This includes the crop you planted and the grapes from the vineyard.

10Never plow with an ox and a donkey harnessed together.

11Never wear clothes made of wool and linen woven together.

12Make tassels on the four corners of the shawl you wear over your clothes.

Laws about Sex and Marriage

13A man might marry a woman, sleep with her, and decide he doesn’t like her. 14Then he might make up charges against her and ruin her reputation by saying, “I married this woman. But when I slept with her, I found out she wasn’t a virgin.” 15The girl’s father and mother must go to the city gate where the leaders of the city are and submit the evidence that their daughter was a virgin. 16The girl’s father will tell the leaders, “I gave my daughter in marriage to this man, but he doesn’t like her. 17Now he has made up charges against her. He says he found out that my daughter wasn’t a virgin. But here’s the evidence!” Then the girl’s parents must spread out the cloth in front of the leaders of the city. 18The leaders of that city must take the man and punish him. 19They will fine him 2¼ pounds of silver and give it to the girl’s father. The husband ruined the reputation of an Israelite virgin. She will continue to be his wife, and he can never divorce her as long as he lives.

20But if the charge is true, and no evidence that the girl was a virgin can be found, 21they must take the girl to the entrance of her father’s house. The men of her city must stone her to death because she has committed such a godless act in Israel: She had sex before marriage, while she was still living in her father’s house. You must get rid of this evil.

22If a man is caught having sexual intercourse with a married woman, both that man and the woman must die. You must get rid of this evil in Israel.

23This is what you must do when a man has sexual intercourse with a virgin who is engaged to another man. If this happens in a city, 24take them to the gate of the city and stone them to death. The girl must die because she was in a city and didn’t scream for help. The man must die because he had sex with another man’s wife. You must get rid of this evil.

25But if a man rapes an engaged girl out in the country, then only the man must die. 26Don’t do anything to the girl. She has not committed a sin for which she deserves to die. This is like the case of someone who attacks and murders another person. 27The man found the girl out in the country. She may have screamed for help, but no one was there to rescue her.

28This is what you must do when a man rapes a virgin who isn’t engaged. When the crime is discovered, 29the man who had sexual intercourse with her must give the girl’s father 1¼ pounds of silver, and she will become his wife. Since he raped her, he can never divorce her as long as he lives. (Deuteronomy 22:30 in English Bibles is Deuteronomy 23:1 in the Hebrew Bible.)

30A man must never marry his father’s wife because this would disgrace his father.

Deuteronomy 23

Various Laws

1 (Deuteronomy 23:1–25 in English Bibles is Deuteronomy 23:2–26 in the Hebrew Bible.)A man whose testicles are crushed or whose penis is cut off may never join the assembly of Yhwh.

2A man born from an illicit union may not join the assembly of Yhwh. No descendant of his may join the assembly of Yhwh for ten generations.

3Ammonites or Moabites may not join the assembly of Yhwh. Not one descendant of theirs may join the assembly of Yhwh for ten generations. 4They cannot join because they didn’t greet you with food and water on your trip from Egypt. They even hired Balaam, son of Beor, from Pethor in Aram Naharaim, to curse you. 5But Yhwh your Elohim refused to listen to Balaam. Instead, he turned Balaam’s curse into a blessing for you because Yhwh your Elohim loves you. 6Never offer them peace or friendship as long as you live.

7Never consider the Edomites disgusting. They’re your relatives. Never consider the Egyptians disgusting. You once were foreigners living in their country. 8Their grandchildren may join the assembly of Yhwh.

9When you’re at war and have set up camp to fight your enemies, stay away from anything that will make you unclean. (“Unclean” refers to anything that is not presentable to Elohim.) 10If one of your men becomes unclean from a nocturnal emission, he must go outside the camp and stay there. 11Toward evening he must wash, and at sunset he may come back to camp.

12Choose a place outside the camp where you can go ⌞to relieve yourself⌟. 13You must carry a pointed stick as part of your equipment. When you go outside to squat, dig a hole with it. When you’re done, cover up your excrement. 14Yhwh your Elohim moves around in your camp to protect you and hand your enemies over to you. So your camp must always be holy. This way, Yhwh will never see anything offensive among you and turn away from you.

15If a slave escapes from his master and comes to you, don’t return him to his master. 16Let him stay with you ⌞and live⌟ among your people wherever he chooses, in any of your cities that seems best to him. Never mistreat him.

17No Israelite man or woman should ever become a temple prostitute. 18Never bring gifts or money earned by prostitution into the house of Yhwh your Elohim as an offering you vowed to give. These earnings are disgusting to Yhwh your Elohim.

19Never charge another Israelite any interest on money, food, or anything else that is borrowed. 20You may charge a foreigner interest, but not an Israelite. Then Yhwh your Elohim will bless you in everything you do once you’ve entered the land and taken possession of it.

21If you make a vow to Yhwh your Elohim, don’t avoid keeping it. Yhwh your Elohim expects you to keep it. You would be guilty of a sin if you didn’t. 22If you didn’t make a vow, you would not be guilty. 23Make sure you do what you said you would do ⌞in your vow⌟. You freely chose to make your vow to Yhwh your Elohim.

24If you go into your neighbor’s vineyard, you may eat as many grapes as you like until you’re full. But never put any in your basket. 25If you go into your neighbor’s grain field, you may pick grain by hand. But never use a sickle to cut your neighbor’s grain.

Deuteronomy 24

Various Laws

1This is what you must do if a husband writes out a certificate of divorce, gives it to his wife, and makes her leave his house. (He divorced her because he found out something indecent about her and she no longer pleased him.) 2She might marry another man after she leaves his house. 3If her second husband doesn’t love her and divorces her, or if he dies, 4her first husband is not allowed to marry her again. She has become unclean. (“Unclean” refers to anything that is not presentable to Elohim.) This would be disgusting in Yhwh’s presence. Don’t pollute with sin the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you as your property.

5A man who has recently been married will be free from military duty or any other public service. For one year he is free to stay at home and make his new wife happy.

6Never let a family’s handmill for grinding flour—or even part of a handmill—be taken to guarantee a loan. The family wouldn’t be able to prepare food in order to stay alive.

7Whoever kidnaps another Israelite must die. The kidnapper must die, whether he treated the other person like a slave or sold him. You must get rid of this evil.

8Guard against outbreaks of serious skin diseases. Be very careful to do exactly as the Levitical priests instruct you. Make sure you do what I commanded them. 9Remember what Yhwh your Elohim did to Miriam on your trip from Egypt.

10When you make a loan to your neighbor, don’t go into his house to take a security deposit. 11Wait outside, and the person to whom you’re making the loan will bring the deposit out to you. 12If the person is poor, don’t keep the coat you took as a deposit overnight. 13Make sure you bring it back to him at sunset. When he wears his coat to bed ⌞that night⌟, he’ll bless you. You will have done the right thing in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim.

14Don’t withhold pay from hired workers who are poor and needy, whether they are Israelites or foreigners living in one of your cities. 15Pay them each day before sunset because they are poor and need their pay. Otherwise, they will complain to Yhwh about you, and you will be condemned for your sin.

16Parents must never be put to death for the crimes of their children, and children must never be put to death for the crimes of their parents. Each person must be put to death for his own crime.

17Never deprive foreigners and orphans of justice. And never take widows’ clothes to guarantee a loan. 18Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and Yhwh your Elohim freed you from slavery. So I’m commanding you to do this.

19This is what you must do when you’re harvesting wheat in your field. If you forget to bring in one of the bundles of wheat, don’t go back to get it. Leave it there for foreigners, orphans, and widows. Then Yhwh your Elohim will bless you in everything you do.

20When you harvest olives from your trees, never knock down all of them. Leave some for foreigners, orphans, and widows.

21When you pick the grapes in your vineyard, don’t pick all of them. Leave some for foreigners, orphans, and widows. 22Remember that you were slaves in Egypt. So I’m commanding you to do this.

Deuteronomy 25

Various Laws

1This is what you must do whenever ⌞two⌟ people have a disagreement that is brought into court. The judges will hear the case and decide who’s right and who’s wrong. 2If the person who’s in the wrong deserves to be beaten, the judge will order him to lie down. Then the judge will have him beaten with as many lashes as the crime deserves. 3Forty lashes may be given, but no more. If an Israelite were given more than that, he would be publicly humiliated.

4Never muzzle an ox when it’s threshing  (Threshing is the process of beating stalks to separate them from the grain.) grain.

5When brothers live together and one of them dies without having a son, his widow must not marry outside the family. Her husband’s brother must marry her and sleep with her. He must do his duty as her brother-in-law. 6Then the first son she has will carry the dead brother’s name so that his name won’t die out in Israel.

7But if the man doesn’t want to marry his brother’s widow, she must go to the leaders of the city at the city gate. She must say, “My brother-in-law refuses to let his brother’s name continue in Israel. He doesn’t want to do his duty as my brother-in-law.” 8Then the leaders of the city must summon him and talk to him. If he persists in saying that he doesn’t want to marry her, 9his brother’s widow must go up to him in the presence of the leaders. She must take off one of his sandals and spit in his face. She must make this formal statement: “This is what happens to a man who refuses to continue his brother’s family line.” 10Then in Israel his family will be called the Family of the Man Without a Sandal.

11This is what you must do when two men are fighting and the wife of one of them comes to rescue her husband from the man who is beating him. If she tries to stop the fight by grabbing the other man’s genitals, 12cut off her hand. Have no pity on her.

13Never carry two sets of weights, a heavier one and a lighter one. 14Never have two kinds of measures in your house, a larger one and a smaller one. 15Use accurate and honest weights and measures. Then you will live for a long time in the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you. 16Everyone who uses dishonest weights and measures is disgusting to Yhwh.

17Remember what the Amalekites did to you on your trip from Egypt. 18They attacked you when you were tired and exhausted and killed all those who were lagging behind. They weren’t afraid of Elohim. 19So when Yhwh your Elohim gives you peace from all your enemies around you in the land that he is giving you as your own property, don’t forget to erase every memory of the Amalekites from the earth.

Deuteronomy 26

A Reminder to Keep Elohim’s Laws

1Soon you will enter and take possession of the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you as your property. When you have settled there, 2take some of the first produce harvested from the fields in the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you, and put it in a basket. Then go to the place where Yhwh your Elohim will choose for his name to live. 3Go to the priest who is serving at that time, and tell him, “I declare today to Yhwh your Elohim that I have come to the land that Yhwh is giving us, as he swore to our ancestors.” 4Then the priest will take the basket from you and set it down in front of the altar of Yhwh your Elohim. 5You will make this formal statement in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim: “My ancestors were wandering Arameans. There were only a few of them when they went to Egypt and lived as foreigners. But then they became a great, powerful, and large nation. 6So the Egyptians treated us cruelly, oppressed us, and made us do back-breaking work for them. 7We cried out to Yhwh Elohim of our ancestors, and he heard us. He saw our misery, suffering, and oppression. 8Then Yhwh used his mighty hand and powerful arm to bring us out of Egypt. He used spectacular and awe-inspiring deeds, miraculous signs, and amazing things. 9He brought us to this place and gave us this land flowing with milk and honey. 10So now I’ve brought the first produce harvested from the fields you gave me, Yhwh.”

You will place the basket in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim and bow down in front of him. 11Then you, the Levites, and the foreigners who live among you can enjoy all the good things which Yhwh your Elohim has given you and your family.

12Every third year is the year when you will store a tenth of that year’s crops ⌞in your houses⌟. During that year distribute what you have stored to the Levites, foreigners, orphans, and widows in your cities, and they may eat all they want. 13When you have distributed all that was stored, say to Yhwh your Elohim, “Nothing is left of the holy offering stored in my house. I distributed it to the Levites, foreigners, orphans, and widows as you commanded me. I disobeyed none of your commands, and I didn’t forget to do what you commanded. 14I didn’t eat any of this holy offering while I was in mourning. I didn’t distribute any of it while I was unclean. (“Unclean” refers to anything that is not presentable to Elohim.) I didn’t offer any of it to the dead. I have obeyed Yhwh my Elohim. I have done everything you commanded me. 15Look down from your holy place in heaven. Bless your people Israel and the land flowing with milk and honey that you have given us, as you promised with an oath to our ancestors.”

16Today Yhwh your Elohim is commanding you to obey these laws and rules. You must faithfully obey them with all your heart and with all your soul. 17Today you have declared that Yhwh is your Elohim and that you will follow his directions, obey his laws, commands, and rules, and listen to him. 18Today Yhwh has declared that you are his people, his own special possession, as he told you. But you must be sure to obey his commands. 19Then he will place you high above all the other nations he has made. He will give you praise, fame, and honor, and you will be a people holy to Yhwh your Elohim, as he promised.

Deuteronomy 27

Write the Law on Stones

1Moses and the leaders of Israel told the people, “Obey every command I’m giving you today.

2“The day you cross the Jordan River and enter the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you, set up some large stones and cover them with plaster. 3Yhwh Elohim of your ancestors is giving you a land flowing with milk and honey, as he promised you. After you’re in that land, write all the words of these teachings on the stones. 4After you cross the Jordan River, set up these stones on Mount Ebal, and cover them with plaster, following the command I’m giving you today. 5Build an altar of stones there dedicated to Yhwh your Elohim. Don’t use an iron chisel on the stones. 6You must use uncut stones to build the altar of Yhwh your Elohim. Sacrifice burnt offerings on it to Yhwh your Elohim. 7Sacrifice fellowship offerings, eat them there, and enjoy yourselves in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim. 8Write clearly and carefully all the words of these teachings on the stones you set up.”

9Then Moses and the Levitical priests said to all Israel, “Be quiet and listen, Israel. Today you have become the people of Yhwh your Elohim. 10Obey Yhwh your Elohim and follow his commands and laws which I’m giving you today.”

Curses Which Are to Be Recited

11That same day Moses gave the people this command: 12After you cross the Jordan River, these are the tribes that will stand on Mount Gerizim to bless the people: Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin. 13These are the tribes that will stand on Mount Ebal to announce the curses: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali.

14The Levites will declare to all the people of Israel in a loud voice:

15“Whoever has a carved or metal statue, anything disgusting to Yhwh that was made by a craftsman, and sets it up in secret will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

16“Whoever curses his father or mother will himself be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

17“Whoever moves his neighbor’s boundary marker will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

18“Whoever leads blind people in the wrong direction will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

19“Whoever deprives foreigners, orphans, or widows of justice will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

20“Whoever has sexual intercourse with his father’s wife will be cursed. He has disgraced his father.” Then all the people will say amen.

21“Whoever has sexual intercourse with any animal will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

22“Whoever has sexual intercourse with his sister, his father’s daughter, or his mother’s daughter will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

23“Whoever has sexual intercourse with his mother-in-law will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

24“Whoever kills another person secretly will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

25“Whoever accepts money to kill an innocent person will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

26“Whoever doesn’t obey every word of these teachings will be cursed.” Then all the people will say amen.

Deuteronomy 28

Blessings from Yhwh

1Carefully obey Yhwh your Elohim, and faithfully follow all his commands that I’m giving you today. If you do, Yhwh your Elohim will place you high above all the other nations in the world. 2These are all the blessings that will come to you and stay close to you because you obey Yhwh your Elohim:

3You will be blessed in the city and blessed in the country.

4You will be blessed. You will have children. Your land will have crops. Your animals will have offspring. Your cattle will have calves, and your flocks will have lambs and kids.

5The grain you harvest and the bread you bake will be blessed.

6You will be blessed when you come and blessed when you go.

7Yhwh will defeat your enemies when they attack you. They will attack you from one direction but run away from you in seven directions.

8Yhwh will bless your barns and everything you do. Yhwh your Elohim will bless you in the land that he is giving you.

9You will be Yhwh’s holy people, as he promised you with an oath. He will do this if you obey the commands of Yhwh your Elohim and follow his directions. 10Then all the people in the world will see that you are Yhwh’s people, and they will be afraid of you. 11Yhwh will give you plenty of blessings: You will have many children. Your animals will have many offspring. Your soil will produce many crops in the land Yhwh will give you, as he swore to your ancestors.

12Yhwh will open the heavens, his rich storehouse, for you. He will send rain on your land at the right time and bless everything you do. You will be able to make loans to many nations but won’t need to borrow from any. 13Yhwh will make you the head, not the tail. You will always be at the top, never at the bottom, if you faithfully obey the commands of Yhwh your Elohim that I am giving you today. 14Do everything I’m commanding you today. Never worship other Elohim or serve them.

Curses from Yhwh

15Obey Yhwh your Elohim, and faithfully follow all his commands and laws that I am giving you today. If you don’t, all these curses will come to you and stay close to you:

16You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the country.

17The grain you harvest and the bread you bake will be cursed.

18You will be cursed. You will have few children. Your land will have few crops. Your cattle will be cursed with few calves, and your flocks will have few lambs and kids.

19You will be cursed when you come and cursed when you go.

20Yhwh will send you curses, panic, and frustration in everything you do until you’re destroyed and quickly disappear for the evil you will do by abandoning Yhwh. 21Yhwh will send one plague after another on you until he wipes you out of the land you’re about to enter and take possession of. 22Yhwh will strike you with disease, fever, and inflammation; heat waves, (Or “uncontrolled fever.”) drought, (Latin; Masoretic Text “warfare.”) scorching winds, (Or “blight.”) and ruined crops. They will pursue you until you die. 23The sky above will look like bronze, and the ground below will be as hard as iron. 24Yhwh will send dust storms and sandstorms on you from the sky until you’re destroyed.

25Yhwh will let your enemies defeat you. You will attack them from one direction but run away from them in seven directions. You will become a thing of horror to all the kingdoms in the world. 26Your dead bodies will be food for all the birds and wild animals. There will be no one to scare them away. 27Yhwh will strike you with the same boils that plagued the Egyptians. He will strike you with hemorrhoids, (Or “boils.”) sores, (Or “scurvy.”) and itching that won’t go away. 28Yhwh will strike you with madness, blindness, and panic. 29You will grope in broad daylight as blind people grope in their blindness. You won’t be successful in anything you do. (Or “darkness, but you won’t be able to find your way.”) As long as you live, you will be oppressed and robbed with no one to rescue you.

30You will be engaged to a woman, but another man will have sex with her. You will build a house, but you won’t live in it. You will plant a vineyard, but you won’t enjoy the grapes. 31Your ox will be butchered as you watch, but you won’t eat any of its meat. You will watch as your donkey is stolen from you, but you’ll never get it back. Your flock will be given to your enemies, and no one will rescue it. 32You will watch with your own eyes as your sons and daughters are given to another nation. You will strain your eyes looking for them all day long, but there will be nothing you can do. 33People you never knew will eat what your land and your hard work have produced. As long as you live, you will know nothing but oppression and abuse. 34The things you see will drive you mad. 35Yhwh will afflict your knees and legs with severe boils that can’t be cured. The boils will cover your whole body from the soles of your feet to the top of your head.

36Yhwh will lead you and the king you choose to a nation that you and your ancestors never knew. There you will worship Elohim made of wood and stone. 37You will become a thing of horror. All the nations where Yhwh will send you will make an example of you and ridicule you.

38You will plant many crops in your fields, but harvest little because locusts will destroy your crops. 39You will plant vineyards and take care of them, but you won’t drink any wine or gather any grapes, because worms will eat them. 40You will have olive trees everywhere in your country but no olive oil to rub on your skin, because the olives will fall off the trees. 41You will have sons and daughters, but you won’t be able to keep them because they will be taken as prisoners of war. 42Crickets will swarm all over your trees and the crops in your fields.

43The ⌞standard of living for the⌟ foreigners who live among you will rise higher and higher, while your ⌞standard of living⌟ will sink lower and lower. 44They will be able to make loans to you, but you won’t be able to make loans to them. They will be the head, and you will be the tail.

45All these curses will come to you. They will pursue you and stay close to you until you’re destroyed, because you didn’t obey Yhwh your Elohim or follow his commands and laws, which I’m giving you. 46These curses will be a sign and an amazing thing to warn you and your descendants forever. 47You didn’t serve Yhwh your Elohim with a joyful and happy heart when you had so much. 48So you will serve your enemies, whom Yhwh will send against you. You will serve them even though you are already hungry, thirsty, naked, and in need of everything. Yhwh will put a heavy burden of hard work on you until he destroys you.

49Yhwh will bring against you a nation from far away, from the ends of the earth. The nation will swoop down on you like an eagle. It will be a nation whose language you won’t understand. 50Its people will be fierce-looking. They will show no respect for the old and no pity for the young. 51They’ll eat the offspring of your animals and the crops from your fields until you’re destroyed. They’ll leave you no grain, no new wine, no olive oil, no calves from your herds, and no lambs or kids from your flocks. They’ll continue to do this until they’ve completely ruined you. 52They will blockade all your cities until the high, fortified walls in which you trust come down everywhere in your land. They’ll blockade all the cities everywhere in the land that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you.

53Because of the hardships your enemies will make you suffer during the blockade, you will eat the flesh of your own children, the sons and daughters, whom Yhwh your Elohim has given you. 54Even the most tender and sensitive man among you will become stingy toward his brother, the wife he loves, and the children he still has left. 55He will give none of them any of the flesh of his children that he is eating. It will be all that he has left, because of the hardships your enemies will make you suffer during the blockade of all your cities. 56The most tender and sensitive woman among you—so sensitive and tender that she wouldn’t even step on an ant—will become stingy toward the husband she loves or toward her own son or daughter. 57She won’t share with them the afterbirth from her body and the children she gives birth to. She will secretly eat them out of dire necessity, because of the hardships your enemies will make you suffer during the blockade of your cities.

58You might not faithfully obey every word of the teachings that are written in this book. You might not fear this glorious and awe-inspiring name: Yhwh your Elohim. 59If so, Yhwh will strike you and your descendants with unimaginable plagues. They will be terrible and continuing plagues and severe and lingering diseases. 60He will again bring all the diseases of Egypt that you dreaded, and they will cling to you. 61Yhwh will also bring you every kind of sickness and plague not written in this Book of Teachings. They will continue until you’re dead. 62At one time you were as numerous as the stars in the sky. But only a few of you will be left, because you didn’t obey Yhwh your Elohim. 63At one time Yhwh was more than glad to make you prosperous and numerous. Now Yhwh will be more than glad to destroy you and wipe you out. You will be torn out of the land you’re about to enter and take possession of.

64Then Yhwh will scatter you among all the people of the world, from one end of the earth to the other. There you will serve Elohim made of wood and stone that neither you nor your ancestors ever knew. 65Among those nations you will find no peace, no place to call your own. There Yhwh will give you an unsettled mind, failing eyesight, and despair. 66Your life will always be hanging by a thread. You will live in terror day and night. You will never feel sure of your life. 67In the morning you’ll say, “If only it were evening!” And in the evening you’ll say, “If only it were morning!” You’ll talk this way because of the things that will terrify you and because of the things you’ll see. 68Yhwh will bring you back to Egypt in ships  (Or “in sorrow.”) on a journey that I said you would never take again. There you will try to sell yourselves as slaves to your enemies, but no one will buy you.

Deuteronomy 29

Israel’s Past, Present, and Future

1 (Deuteronomy 29:1–29 in English Bibles is Deuteronomy 28:69–29:28 in the Hebrew Bible.)These are the terms of the promise  (Or “covenant.”) that Yhwh commanded Moses to give to the Israelites in Moab. This was in addition to the promise Yhwh gave them at Mount Horeb.

2Moses summoned all the people of Israel and said to them:

You’ve seen with your own eyes everything that Yhwh did in Egypt to Pharaoh, to all his officials, and to his whole country. 3You also saw those terrible plagues, those miraculous signs, and those spectacular, amazing things. 4But to this day Yhwh hasn’t given you a mind that understands, eyes that see, or ears that hear. 5For 40 years I led you through the desert. During that time your clothes and shoes never wore out. 6You ate no bread and drank no wine or liquor. I did this so that you would know that I am Yhwh your Elohim.

7When you came to this place, King Sihon of Heshbon and King Og of Bashan came out to fight us, but we defeated them. 8We took their land and gave it to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh as their property. 9Faithfully obey the terms of this promise. Then you will be successful in everything you do.

10All of you are standing here today in the presence of Yhwh your Elohim. The heads of your tribes, (Syriac, Greek, Targum; Masoretic Text “your heads, your tribes.”) your leaders, your officers, and all the men of Israel are here. 11Your children, your wives, and the foreigners who cut wood and carry water in your camp are also here. 12You are ready to accept the terms and conditions of the promise that Yhwh your Elohim is giving you today. 13With this promise Yhwh will confirm today that you are his people and that he is your Elohim. This is what he told you, and this is what he promised your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob with an oath. 14You aren’t the only people to receive this promise and its conditions. 15It is for those of you who are standing here with us today in the presence of Yhwh our Elohim and also for those who are not here today.

16You know how we lived in Egypt and how we passed through other countries on our way here. 17You saw their disgusting Elohim and idols made of wood, stone, silver, and gold. 18Make sure there is no man, woman, family, or tribe among you today who turns from Yhwh our Elohim to worship the Elohim of those nations. Make sure that no one among you is the source of this kind of bitter poison.

19Someone may hear the conditions of this promise. He may think that he is so blessed that he can say, “I’ll be safe even if I go my own stubborn way. After all, ⌞Yhwh would never⌟ sweep away well-watered ground along with dry ground.” 20Yhwh will never be willing to forgive that person, because Yhwh’s burning anger will smolder against him. All the curses described in this book will happen to him. Yhwh will erase ⌞every memory of⌟ that person’s name from the earth. 21And Yhwh will single him out from all the tribes of Israel for disaster based on all the conditions of the promise written in this Book of the Teachings.

22Then the next generation of your children and foreigners who come from distant countries will see the plagues that have happened in this land and the diseases Yhwh sent here. 23They will see all the soil poisoned with sulfur and salt. Nothing will be planted. Nothing will be growing. There will be no plants in sight. It will be as desolate as Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, cities Yhwh destroyed in fierce anger. 24Then all the other nations in the world will ask, “Why has Yhwh done this to their land? Why is he so angry?”

25The answer will be, “Because they abandoned the promise of Yhwh Elohim of their ancestors. He made this promise to them when he brought them out of Egypt. 26They worshiped other Elohim and bowed down to them. These were Elohim they never heard of, Elohim Yhwh didn’t permit them to have. 27So Yhwh became angry with this land and brought on it all the curses described in this book. 28In his fierce anger and fury Yhwh uprooted these people from their land and deported them to another country, where they still are today.”

29Some things are hidden. They belong to Yhwh our Elohim. But the things that have been revealed in these teachings belong to us and to our children forever. We must obey every word of these teachings.

Deuteronomy 30

1All these blessings and curses I have spoken about will happen to you. Take them to heart when you are among all the nations where Yhwh your Elohim will scatter you. 2If you and your children return to Yhwh your Elohim and obey him with all your heart and with all your soul, doing everything I command you today, 3he will restore your fortunes. He will have mercy on you and gather you from all the nations of the world where he will scatter you. 4Even if you are scattered to the most distant country in the world, Yhwh your Elohim will gather you and bring you back from there. 5Yhwh your Elohim will bring you to the land your ancestors owned. You will take possession of it, and Yhwh will make you more prosperous and numerous than your ancestors were.

6Yhwh your Elohim will circumcise your hearts and the hearts of your descendants. You will love Yhwh your Elohim with all your heart and with all your soul, and you will live. 7Then Yhwh your Elohim will put all these curses on your enemies, those who hate you and persecute you. 8You will again obey Yhwh and follow all his commands that I’m giving you today. 9Yhwh your Elohim will give you many blessings in everything you do: You will have many children. Your animals will have many offspring. Your soil will produce many crops. Yhwh will again delight in making you as prosperous as he made your ancestors. 10He will do this if you obey him and follow his commands and laws that are written in this Book of Teachings and return to Yhwh your Elohim with all your heart and with all your soul.

11This command I’m giving you today isn’t too hard for you or beyond your reach. 12It’s not in heaven. You don’t have to ask, “Who will go to heaven to get this command for us so that we can hear it and obey it?” 13This command isn’t on the other side of the sea. You don’t have to ask, “Who will cross the sea to get it for us so that we can hear it and obey it?” 14No, these words are very near you. They’re in your mouth and in your heart so that you will obey them.

Choose between Life and Death

15Today I offer you life and prosperity or death and destruction. 16This is what I’m commanding you today: Love Yhwh your Elohim, follow his directions, and obey his commands, laws, and rules. Then you will live, your population will increase, and Yhwh your Elohim will bless you in the land that you’re about to enter and take possession of.

17But your hearts might turn away, and you might not listen. You might be tempted to bow down to other Elohim and worship them. 18If you do, I tell you today that you will certainly be destroyed. You will not live for a long time in the land that you’re going to take possession of when you cross the Jordan River.

19I call on heaven and earth as witnesses today that I have offered you life or death, blessings or curses. Choose life so that you and your descendants will live. 20Love Yhwh your Elohim, obey him, and be loyal to him. This will be your way of life, and it will mean a long life for you  (Or “He is your life, and he will let you live for a long time.”) in the land that Yhwh swore to give to your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Deuteronomy 31

Joshua Becomes Israel’s Leader to Replace Moses

1Moses continued to speak to all the Israelites:

2“I’m 120 years old now, and I’m not able to lead you anymore. Besides, Yhwh has told me that I cannot cross the Jordan River. 3Yhwh your Elohim is the one who will cross the river ahead of you. He will destroy those nations as you arrive, and you will take possession of their land. Joshua will also cross the river ahead of you, as Yhwh told you. 4Yhwh will do to those nations what he did to King Sihon and King Og of the Amorites and to their lands when he destroyed them. 5Yhwh will hand them over to you, and you must do to them everything that I commanded you. 6Be strong and courageous. Don’t tremble! Don’t be afraid of them! Yhwh your Elohim is the one who is going with you. He won’t abandon you or leave you.”

7Then Moses called for Joshua and said to him in the presence of all Israel, “Be strong and courageous. You will go with these people into the land that Yhwh will give them, as he swore to their ancestors. You will help them take possession of the land. (Or “And you will distribute the land to them.”) 8Yhwh is the one who is going ahead of you. He will be with you. He won’t abandon you or leave you. So don’t be afraid or terrified.”

9Moses wrote down these teachings and gave them to the Levitical priests who carried the ark of Yhwh’s promise and to all the leaders of Israel. 10Then Moses commanded them, “At the end of every seventh year you must cancel debts. At that time, during the Festival of Booths, 11all the Israelites will come into the presence of Yhwh your Elohim at the place he will choose. Read these teachings so that they can hear them. 12Assemble the men, women, and children, as well as the foreigners who live in your cities. Have them listen and learn to fear Yhwh your Elohim and faithfully obey every word of these teachings. 13Their children, who don’t know these teachings, must hear them and learn to fear Yhwh your Elohim as long as you live in the land that you are going to take possession of when you cross the Jordan River.”

14Yhwh said to Moses, “The time of your death is coming soon. Call for Joshua. Both of you come to the tent of meeting, and I will give him his instructions.” Moses and Joshua came to the tent of meeting. 15Then Yhwh appeared in a column of smoke at the entrance to the tent.

16Yhwh said to Moses, “Soon you are going to lie down in death with your ancestors. When these people enter the land and are living among the foreigners there, they will chase after foreign Elohims as though they were prostitutes. They will abandon me and reject the promise  (Or “covenant.”) I made to them. 17On that day I will become angry with them. I will abandon them and turn away from them. They will be destroyed, and many terrible disasters will happen to them. On that day they will ask, ‘Haven’t these disasters happened to us because our Elohim isn’t with us?’ 18On that day I will certainly turn away from them because of all the evil they’ve done in turning to other Elohim.

19“Write down this song, teach it to the Israelites, and have them sing it. This song will be a witness for me against the Israelites. 20I will bring them into the land that I swore to give to their ancestors, a land flowing with milk and honey. When they have eaten all they want and have become fat, (Or “prosperous.”) they will turn to other Elohim and worship them. They will despise me and reject my promise. 21When many terrible disasters happen to them, this song will testify against them, because it will never be forgotten by their descendants. I know what their hearts are set on doing, even now before I bring them into the land that I swore to give them.” 22That day Moses wrote down this song and taught it to the Israelites.

23Yhwh gave this command to Joshua, son of Nun: “Be strong and courageous, because you will bring the Israelites into the land that I swore to give them, and I will be with you.”

24Finally, Moses finished writing all the words of these teachings in a book. 25He gave this command to the Levites who carried the ark of Yhwh’s promise: 26“Take this Book of Teachings, and put it next to the ark of the promise of Yhwh your Elohim, where it will be a witness against you. 27I know how rebellious you are. You are impossible to deal with. While I am alive and still with you, you are rebelling against Yhwh. How much more rebellious will you be after I die? 28Assemble all the leaders of your tribes and your officers in front of me. As they listen, I will speak these words and call on heaven and earth to testify against them. 29I know that after I die you will become thoroughly corrupt and turn from the way I have commanded you to live. In the days to come disasters will happen to you because you will make Yhwh furious by doing what he considers evil.”

The Song of Moses

30Then, as the whole congregation of Israel listened, Moses recited all the words of this song:

Deuteronomy 32

1Listen, heaven, and I will speak.

Earth, hear the words from my mouth.

 

2 Let my teachings come down like raindrops.
Let my words drip like dew,
like gentle rain on grass,
like showers on green plants.
3 I will proclaim the name of Yhwh.
Give our Elohim the greatness he deserves!
4 He is a rock.
What he does is perfect.
All his ways are fair.
He is a faithful Elohim, who does no wrong.
He is honorable and reliable.

 

5 He recognizes that his people are corrupt.
To their shame they are no longer his children.
They are devious and scheming.
6 Is this how you repay Yhwh,
you foolish and silly people?
Isn’t he your Father and Owner,
who made you and formed you?

 

7 Remember a time long ago.
Think about all the past generations.
Ask your fathers to remind you,
and your leaders to tell you.
8 When Elyon gave the nations their inheritance,
when he separated the human race,
he established the boundaries of the peoples
according to the number of the sons of Elohim.
9 For Yhwh’s portion is his people,
Jacob his allotted inheritance.

 

10 He found his people in a desert land,
in a barren place where animals howl.
He guarded them, took care of them,
and protected them because they were helpless.
11 Like an eagle that stirs up its nest,
hovers over its young,
spreads its wings to catch them,
and carries them on its feathers,
12 so Yhwh alone led his people.
No foreign Elohim was with him.
13 He made them ride on the heights of the earth
and fed them with the produce of the fields.
He gave them honey from rocks
and olive oil from solid rock.
14 They ate cheese from cows
and drank milk from sheep and goats.
He gave them fat from lambs,
rams from the stock of Bashan,
male goats, and the best wheat.
They drank the blood-red wine of grapes.

 

15 Jeshurun *“Jeshurun” is another name for Israel. got fat and disrespectful.
(You got fat! You were stuffed! You were gorged!)
They abandoned the Eloah who made them
and treated the rock of their salvation like a fool.
16 They made him furious because they worshiped foreign Elohims
and angered him because they worshiped worthless idols.
17 They sacrificed to demons that are not Eloah,
to Elohim they never heard of.
These were new Elohim, who came from nearby,
Elohim your ancestors never worshiped.
18 (You ignored the rock who fathered you
and forgot the Elohim who gave you life.)

 

19 Yhwh saw this and rejected them,
because his own sons and daughters had made him angry.
20 He said, “I will turn away from them
and find out what will happen to them.
They are devious people,
children who can’t be trusted.
21 They made him furious because they worshiped foreign Elohims
and angered him because they worshiped worthless idols.
So I will use those who are not my people to make them jealous
and a nation of godless fools to make them angry.
22 My anger has started a fire
that will burn to the depths of hell.
It will consume the earth and its crops
and set the foundations of the mountains on fire.
23 I will bring one disaster after another on them.
I will use up all my arrows on them.
24 They will be starved by famines
and ravaged by pestilence and deadly epidemics.
I will send vicious animals against them
along with poisonous animals that crawl on the ground.
25 Foreign wars will kill off their children,
and even at home there will be horrors.
Young men and young women alike will die
as well as nursing babies and gray-haired men.
26 I said that I would cut them in pieces
and erase everyone’s memory of them.
27 But I didn’t want their enemies to make me angry.
I didn’t want their opponents to misunderstand and say,
‘We won this victory!
It wasn’t Yhwh who did all this!’ ”

 

28 My people have lost their good sense.
They are not able to understand.
29 If only they were wise enough to understand this
and realize what will happen to them!
30 How could one person chase a thousand
or two people make ten thousand flee?
Their rock used these people to defeat them
and Yhwh gave them no help.
31 Their rock isn’t like our rock.
Even our enemies will agree with this.
32 Their grapevines come from the vineyards of Sodom
and from the fields of Gomorrah.
Their grapes are poisonous,
and their clusters are bitter.
33 Their wine is snake venom,
the deadly poison of cobras.

 

34 Isn’t this what I’ve stored
under lock and key in my storehouses?
35 I will take revenge and be satisfied.
In due time their foot will slip,
because their day of disaster is near.
Their doom is coming quickly.
36 Yhwh will judge his people
and have compassion on his servants
when he sees that their strength is gone
and that no one is left, neither slaves nor free people.
37 Then he will ask, “Where are their Elohim?
Where is the rock they took refuge in?
38 Where are the Elohim who ate the fat from their sacrifices
and drank the wine from their wine offerings?
Let them come to help you!
Let them be your refuge!”

 

39 See, I am the only Elohim.
There are no others.
I kill, and I make alive.
I wound, and I heal,
and no one can rescue you from my power.
40 I raise my hand toward heaven and solemnly swear:
As surely as I live forever,
41 I will sharpen my flashing sword
and take justice into my own hands.
Then I will take revenge on my enemies
and pay back those who hate me.
42 My arrows will drip with blood
from those who were killed and taken captive.
My sword will cut off the heads
of the enemy who vowed to fight.

 

43 Joyfully sing with Yhwh’s people, you nations,
because he will take revenge for the death of his servants.
He will get even with his enemies
and make peace for his people’s land.†Dead Sea Scrolls, Samaritan Pentateuch, Greek, Latin; Masoretic Text “his land ⌞and⌟ his people.”

Moses Is Allowed to See Canaan

44Moses came with Hoshea, (“Hoshea” is another name for Joshua.) son of Nun, and recited all the words of this song as the people listened. 45When Moses had finished reciting all these words to Israel, 46he said to them, “Pay attention to all these warnings I’ve given you today. Then you will command your children to faithfully obey every word of these teachings. 47Don’t think these words are idle talk. They are your life! By these words you will be able to live for a long time in the land that you are going to take possession of when you cross the Jordan River.”

48That same day Yhwh said to Moses, 49“Go into the Abarim Mountains, to Mount Nebo in Moab, across from Jericho. Take a look at the land of Canaan that I’m giving the Israelites as their own property. 50On this mountain where you’re going, you will die and join your ancestors in death, as your brother Aaron died on Mount Hor. 51This is because both of you were unfaithful to me at the oasis of Meribah at Kadesh in the Desert of Zin. You didn’t show the Israelites how holy I am. 52You may see the land from a distance, but you may not enter the land I’m giving the Israelites.”

Deuteronomy 33

Moses Blesses the Twelve Tribes

1Moses, the man of Elohim, blessed the Israelites with this blessing before he died. 2He said,

 

“Yhwh came from Sinai.
For his people he rose from Seir ⌞like the sun⌟.
He appeared like sunshine from Mount Paran.
He came with tens of thousands of holy ones.
On his right was a raging fire for them.
3 You certainly love your people.
All your holy ones are in your hands.
They bow at your feet
to receive your instructions.
4 Moses gave us these teachings.
They belong to the assembly of Jacob.
5 Yhwh was king of Jeshurun *“Jeshurun” is another name for Israel.
when the leaders of the people assembled
together with all the tribes of Israel.

 

6 “May the tribe of Reuben live and not die out,
though their people are few in number.”

7This is what he said about the tribe of Judah:

 

“Hear the cry of Judah, O Yhwh,
and bring them to their people.
They must defend themselves.
Help them against their enemies.”

 

8About the tribe of Levi he said,

 

“Your Thummim and Urim †The Urim and Thummim were used by the chief priest to determine Elohim’s answer to questions. belong to your faithful people.
You tested your people at Massah.
You quarreled with them at the oasis of Meribah.
9 They said that they didn’t know their father and mother.
They didn’t recognize their own brothers.
They didn’t acknowledge their own children.
But they obeyed your word
and were faithful to the terms of your promise.‡Or “covenant.”
10 They teach Jacob your rules
and give Israel your teachings.
They burn incense for you to smell
and sacrifice burnt offerings on your altar.
11 Yhwh, bless them with strength
and be pleased with the work they do.
Break the backs of those who attack them and hate them
so that they can never get up again.”

 

12About the tribe of Benjamin he said,

 

“Yhwh’s beloved people will live securely with him.
Yhwh will shelter them all day long,
since he, too, lives on the mountain slopes.”

 

13About the tribes of Joseph he said,

 

“May Yhwh bless their land with ⌞water,⌟
the best gift heaven can send,
with dew and deep springs below the ground.
14 May Yhwh bless their land with crops,
the best gift the sun can give,
the best produce of each month,
15 the finest fruits from the oldest mountains,
the best from the ancient hills,
16 and the most plentiful crops of the earth.
May Yhwh bless their land with the favor
of the one who was in the burning bush.
May these blessings come to the tribes of Joseph.
May they crown the people who are like princes in Israel.
17 They will be as majestic as a firstborn bull.
Their horns will be like the horns of a wild ox.
They will use them to push away nations
including those at the ends of the earth.
The tens of thousands from the tribe of Ephraim
and the thousands from the tribe of Manasseh will be like this.”

 

18About the tribe of Zebulun he said,

 

“People of Zebulun, enjoy yourselves when you go to war,
and you people of Issachar, enjoy yourselves when you stay at home.
19 They will invite nations to their mountain,
and there they will offer the proper sacrifices.
They will be nourished by the abundance from the seas
and the treasures hidden in the sand.”

 

20About the tribe of Gad he said,

 

“Blessed is the one who gives the people of Gad more land.
They wait there like a lion.
They can tear off an arm or a head.
21 They chose the best land for themselves.
Indeed, a commander’s piece of land was reserved for them.
They were leaders of the people
and did for Israel what Yhwh considers fair and honorable.”

 

22About the tribe of Dan he said,

 

“The people of Dan are a lion cub.
Out of Bashan they pounce ⌞on their enemies⌟.”

 

23About the tribe of Naphtali he said,

 

“The people of Naphtali enjoy Yhwh’s favor
and are filled with Yhwh’s blessings.
They will take possession of the lake and the land south of it.”

 

24About the tribe of Asher he said,

 

“The people of Asher are the most blessed of the sons of Israel.
May they be the Israelites’ favorite tribe
and wash their feet in olive oil.
25 May the locks and bolts of your gates be made of iron and copper.
May your strength last as long as you live.

 

26“There’s no one like your Elohim, Jeshurun!

He rides through the heavens to help you.
In majesty he rides through the clouds.
27 The Elohim of ancient time is your shelter,
and his everlasting arms support you.
He will force your enemies out of your way
and tell you to destroy them.
28 So Israel will live securely.
Jacob’s spring will be ⌞left⌟ alone
in a land of grain and new wine.
Dew will drip from Israel’s skies.
29 You are blessed, Israel!
Who is like you,
a nation saved by Yhwh?
He is a shield that helps you
and a sword that wins your victories.
Your enemies will come crawling to you,
and you will stomp on their backs.”

Deuteronomy 34

Moses’ Death and Burial

1Then Moses went up on Mount Nebo from the plains of Moab. He went to the top of Pisgah, across from Jericho. Yhwh showed him the whole land. He could see Gilead as far as Dan, 2all of Naphtali, the territory of Ephraim and Manasseh, all the territory of Judah as far as the Mediterranean Sea, 3the Negev, and the Jordan Plain—the valley of Jericho (the City of Palms)—as far as Zoar.

4Then Yhwh said to him, “This is the land I promised with an oath to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. I said I would give it to their descendants. I have let you see it with your own eyes, but you may not go there.”

5As Yhwh had predicted, Yhwh’s servant Moses died in Moab. 6He was buried in a valley in Moab, near Beth Peor. Even today no one knows where his grave is.

7Moses was 120 years old when he died. His eyesight never became poor, and he never lost his physical strength. 8The Israelites mourned for Moses in the plains of Moab for 30 days. Then the time of mourning for him was over.

9Joshua, son of Nun, was filled with the Spirit of wisdom, because Moses had laid his hands on him. The Israelites obeyed him and did what Yhwh had commanded through Moses.

10There has never been another prophet in Israel like Moses, whom Yhwh dealt with face to face. 11He was the one Yhwh sent to do all the miraculous signs and amazing things in Egypt to Pharaoh, to all his officials, and to his whole country. 12Moses used his mighty hand to do all the spectacular and awe-inspiring deeds that were seen by all the Israelites.

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